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Predicting death due to progressive heart failure in patients with mild-to-moderate chronic heart failure

Mark T. Kearney, DM^*,*, Keith A. A. Fox, FRCP, Amanda J. Lee, MSc, Robin J. Prescott, PhD, Ajay M. Shah, FRCP^*, Philip D. Batin, DM^||, Wazir Baig, MD^¶, Stephen Lindsay, MD^#, Timothy S. Callahan, PhD^**, William E. Shell, MD, Dwain L. Eckberg, MD, Azfar G. Zaman, MD, Simon Williams, MRCP^||||, James M. M. Neilson, PhD and James Nolan, MD^¶¶

^* King’s College, London, United Kingdom
Department of Cardiology, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
Medical Statistics Unit, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
Department of Medical Physics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
^|| Pontefract and Wakefield Hospitals, Pontefract and Wakefield, United Kingdom
^¶ Doncaster Royal Infirmary, Doncaster, United Kingdom
^# Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, United Kingdom
^** Phase5 Sciences, Los Angeles, California, USA
NETT Foundation, Los Angeles, California, USA
Medical College of Virginia at Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
Freeman Hospital, Newcastle, United Kingdom
^|||| Arrow Park Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
^¶¶ North Staffordshire Cardiac Centre, Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom

View larger version (45K): [in a new window]   Figure 1 (A) Mode of death in patients with ejection fractions (EF) >45% and 45%. (B) Kaplan-Meier survival curve showing proportion of patients free of death due to progressive heart failure, dichotomized into those with serum sodium levels above (upper line) and below (lower line) the median value of 140 mmol/l (p < 0.001). (C) Kaplan-Meier survival curve showing proportion of patients free of death due to progressive heart failure, dichotomized into those with serum creatinine levels above (upper line) and below (lower line) the median value of 111µmol/l (p = 0.02). (D) Kaplan-Meier survival curve showing proportion of patients free of death due to progressive heart failure, dichotomized into those with standard deviation of all normal-to-normal RR intervals (SDNN) above (upper line) and below (lower line) the median value of 112 ms (p = 0.01).