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Heart failure in a cold climate

Seasonal variation in heart failure-related morbidity and mortality

Simon Stewart, PhD, NFESC^*, Kate McIntyre, MB, ChB, Simon Capewell, MD, FRCP and John J. V. McMurray, MD, FRCP, FACC, FESC^*,*

^* Clinical Research Initiative in Heart Failure, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
Department of Public Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
Department of Public Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

View larger version (45K): [in a new window]   Figure 1 Average number of heart failure-related hospitalizations per day in Scotland, 1990 to 1996. Figures represent the summed average for each month, during the entire study period.

View larger version (18K): [in a new window]   Figure 2 Age- and gender-specific rates of admission per day (per 100,000 population) between 1990 and 1996 in Scottish men and women aged 65 years and over.

View larger version (41K): [in a new window]   Figure 3 Average number of hospitalizations associated with a principal diagnosis of heart failure per day in Scotland, 1990 to 1996. Figures represent the summed average for each month, during the entire study period.

View larger version (32K): [in a new window]   Figure 4 Average number of deaths per day in those hospitalized for heart failure (1990 to 1996) during the period 1990 to 1997. Figures represent the summed average for each month, during the entire study period.

View larger version (17K): [in a new window]   Figure 5 Age- and gender-specific daily mortality rate (per 100,000 population) in Scottish men and women aged 65 years and over who were hospitalized for heart failure between 1990 and 1996.