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J Am Coll Cardiol, 2002; 39:1992-1995
© 2002 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation
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Epicardial electrogram of the right ventricular outflow tract in patients with the brugada syndrome

Using the epicardial lead

Satoshi Nagase, MD*,*, Kengo Fukushima Kusano, MD, PhD*, Hiroshi Morita, MD, PhD*, Yoshihisa Fujimoto, MD, PhD*, Mikio Kakishita, MD, PhD*, Kazufumi Nakamura, MD, PhD*, Tetsuro Emori, MD*, Hiromi Matsubara, MD, PhD* and Tohru Ohe, MD, PhD, FACC*

* Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Okayama, Japan.



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Figure 1 (A) Fluoroscopic 30° right anterior oblique (RAO) and 60° left anterior oblique (LAO) views of the position of the electrical guidewire introduced into the conus branch through the right coronary artery for epicardial mapping (Epi), as well as the quadripolar deflectable catheter at the endocardium of the free wall at the right ventricular outflow tract for endocardial mapping (Endo). (B) Surface electrocardiographic leads V1, V2 and V5 and intracardiac electrograms of the epicardium (Epi) and endocardium (Endo) at the free wall at the right ventricular outflow tract before (Pre) and after (Post) the administration of a class IC anti-arrhythmic drug in Patient 1 (asymptomatic patient). A definite local electrogram was recorded after termination of the QRS complex at the epicardium (arrows), and the duration of the local electrogram after termination of the QRS complex after class IC anti-arrhythmic drug administration was more prolonged at the epicardium than at the endocardium in Patient 1.

 


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Figure 2 (A to E) Surface electrocardiographic leads V2 and V5, intracardiac electrograms of the epicardium (Epi) at the free wall at the right ventricular outflow tract and signal-averaged electrocardiogram (SAECG) in Patients 1 (A), 2 (B), 3 (C), 4 (D) and 5 (E). Patients 1 and 2 are asymptomatic patients, and Patients 3, 4 and 5 are symptomatic patients. The late potentials, represented by the shaded area, are positive in all patients, showing the root mean square voltage of the terminal 40 ms in the filtered QRS complex (RMS40) <20 µV and the duration of low-ampltitude signals <40 µV in the terminal filtered QRS complex (LAS40) >40 ms, and correspond to a delayed potential after the QRS complex at the epicardium (arrows) in all patients. f-QRS = filtered QRS duration.

 





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