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Improved post-myocardial infarction survival with probucol in rats: Effects on left ventricular function, morphology, cardiac oxidative stress and cytokine expression

Ying Tung Sia, MD, MSc^*, Thomas G. Parker, MD, Peter Liu, MD, James N. Tsoporis, PhD, Albert Adam, PhD and Jean L. Rouleau, MD^,*

^* Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Canada
Division of Cardiology and Department of Medicine, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Canada
University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
Department of Pharmacy, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada

View larger version (23K): [in a new window]   Figure 1 Flow diagram of various groups of rats according to myocardial infarction (MI) size and treatment group.

View larger version (14K): [in a new window]   Figure 2 Comparison of survival of rats with large myocardial infarctions during the study period. Survival with probucol (88%) was much better than it was with vehicle (51%).

View larger version (55K): [in a new window]   Figure 3 Representative left ventricle midventricular cross-sections (5.3x) of a sham-operated rat (A) and rats with large myocardial infarctions (MIs) treated with vehicle (B) or probucol (C); representative slides of the collage network stained with Sirius red (400x) for a sham-operated rat (D); and rats with large MIs treated with vehicle (E) or probucol (F).

View larger version (18K): [in a new window]   Figure 4 Passive left ventricle pressure-volume relationships of rats with sham-to-small myocardial infarctions (MIs) and large MIs according to treatment group.

View larger version (25K): [in a new window]   Figure 5 Cardiac expression of inflammatory cytokines (A) and cardiac oxidative stress (B). IL = interleukin.