Quantitation of functional mitral regurgitation during bicycle exercise in patients with heart failure
Frédéric Lebrun, MDa,
Patrizio Lancellotti, MDa and
Luc A. Piérard, MD, PhD, FESC*,a
a Division of Cardiology, University Hospital Liège, Liege, Belgium
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Figure 1 Two-dimensional visualization of the proximal flow-convergence region at rest (A) and during exercise (B) in a patient with heart failure and functional mitral regurgitation. The size of the proximal flow-convergence region increased with exercise.
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Figure 2 Scatterplots of the differences between the two observers on the y-axis and the mean values obtained by the two observers on the x-axis for regurgitant volume by the PISA (RVP) method and regurgitant volume by the Doppler (RVd) method at rest (A and C) and during exercise (B and D).
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Figure 3 Scatterplots of the differences between the methods (Doppler method minus PISA method) and the mean values of the methods for calculating mitral regurgitant volume at rest (left) and during exercise (right).
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Figure 4 Relationship between exercise-induced increases in regurgitant volume (RV) and trans-tricuspid pressure gradient (TPG) in 27 patients with heart failure; 10 patients stopped exercise because of dyspnea (solid circles) and 17 stopped because of fatigue (open diamonds).
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