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The effect of combined aerobic and resistance exercise training on vascular function in type 2 diabetes

Andrew Maiorana, MSc^* , Gerard O’Driscoll, FRACP , Craig Cheetham, BSc^*, Lawrence Dembo, MB, BS^*, Kim Stanton, FRACP^||, Carmel Goodman, FRACSP^*, Roger Taylor, FRACP and Daniel Green, PhD^*

^* Department of Human Movement and Exercise Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
Department of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital and West Australian Heart Research Institute, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
Cardiac Transplant Unit, Royal Perth Hospital and West Australian Heart Research Institute, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
^|| Endocrinology and Diabetic Unit, Royal Perth Hospital and West Australian Heart Research Institute, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia

View larger version (25K): [in a new window]   Figure 1 (A) Endothelium-dependent, flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and (B) endothelium-independent glyceryl trinitrate (GTN; nitroglycerin)-mediated dilation of the brachial artery (n = 15). Data from individual subjects and mean values (±SE) are plotted for results following eight weeks of inactivity (open circle) and eight weeks of exercise training (closed circle). Endothelium-dependent FMD response was significantly greater following training (p < 0.001, paired t test).

View larger version (17K): [in a new window]   Figure 2 Forearm blood flow (FBF) response to three doses of (A) acetylcholine (ACh) and (B) sodium nitroprusside (SNP) following eight weeks of inactivity (open circle) or eight weeks of exercise training (closed square) (n = 16). Forearm blood flow is expressed as the percentage change in the ratio of infusion arm to noninfusion arm flows relative to the baseline period preceding the administration of ACh. Values are means ± SE. Vasodilation to ACh was significantly increased by exercise training (p < 0.05, two-way analysis of variance). The difference in response to SNP was not significant (p = 0.6, ANOVA).

View larger version (14K): [in a new window]   Figure 3 Acetylcholine (ACh) responses following eight weeks of inactivity in the group trained first (closed square) (n = 6) and the group trained second (open circle) (n = 10). Values are means ± SE. The difference between the subgroups was not significantly different at any dose (p = 0.2), indicating that the effect of exercise training did not persist. FBF = forearm blood flow