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Blood pressure reductions with exercise and sodium restriction in postmenopausal women with elevated systolic pressure: role of arterial stiffness

Douglas R. Seals, PhD^* , Hirofumi Tanaka, PhD^*, Christopher M. Clevenger, PhD^*, Kevin D. Monahan, PhD^*, Mary Jo Reiling, MS^*, William R. Hiatt, MD , Kevin P. Davy, PhD and Christopher A. DeSouza, PhD^*

^* Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado, USA
The Colorado Prevention Center, Denver, Colorado, USA
Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA

View larger version (26K): [in a new window]   Figure 1 Mean ± SD changes in arterial blood pressure at rest measured either by a semiautomated device (Dinamap) or manually (Random Zero) in response to aerobic exercise and dietary sodium restriction. Baseline values are shown above each bar. *Change from baseline p < 0.05; p < 0.05 vs. aerobic exercise. DBP = diastolic blood pressure; PP = pulse pressure; SBP = systolic blood pressure.

View larger version (22K): [in a new window]   Figure 2 Mean ± SD changes in ambulatory-determined 24-h, daytime, and nighttime systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and arterial pulse pressure (PP) in response to aerobic exercise and dietary sodium restriction. Baseline values are shown above each bar. *Change from baseline p < 0.05; p < 0.05 vs. aerobic exercise.

View larger version (16K): [in a new window]   Figure 3 Mean ± SD changes in carotid augmentation index (AI), aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV), and arm PWV in response to aerobic exercise and dietary sodium restriction. Baseline values are shown above each bar. *Change from baseline p < 0.05.