Procedural outcomes and long-term survival among patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention of a chronic total occlusion in native coronary arteries: a 20-year experience
James A. Suero, MDa,
Steven P. Marso, MDa,
Philip G. Jones, MSa,
Steven B. Laster, MD, FACCa,
Kenneth C. Huber, MD, FACCa,
Lee V. Giorgi, MD, FACCa,
Warren L. Johnson, MD, FACCa and
Barry D. Rutherford, MD, FACCa
a Mid-America Heart Institute, St. Lukes Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri, USA

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Figure 1 Technical success, procedural success and major adverse cardiac event (MACE) rates since 1990. CTO = chronic total coronary artery occlusion; PCI = percutaneous coronary intervention.
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Figure 2 Cumulative 10-year survival. (A) Chronic total coronary artery occlusion (CTO) versus matched non-CTO cohorts. (B) CTO-success (CTO-S) versus matched non-CTO success (M-S) versus CTO-failure (CTO-F) groups. (C) Single (SVP) versus multivessel procedures (MVP). (D) Single-vessel procedure CTO-success (CTO-S) versus SVP matched non-CTO-success (M-S) versus SVP CTO-failure (CTO-F).
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Figure 3 Kaplan-Meier event-free survival for patients with a failed chronic total coronary artery occlusion (CTO) procedure undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) within 30 days and those with failed CTO procedure not undergoing CABG within 30 days.
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