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Preservation of venous endothelial function in the forearm venous capacitance bed of patients with chronic heart failure despite arterial endothelial dysfunction

Angus K. Nightingale, MRCP^*, Daniel J. Blackman, MRCP^*, Gethin R. Ellis, MRCP^*, Matthias Schmitt, MRCP^*, Jayne A. Morris-Thurgood, PhD^*, Elizabeth A. Jones, PhD and Michael P. Frenneaux, MD, FRCP, FESC, FACC^*

^* Department of Cardiology, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
Department of Medical Physics and Clinical Engineering, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom

View larger version (16K): [in a new window]   Figure 1 Typical volume/pressure relation. A = unstressed volume; (B-A)/A x 100 = % venodilation with carbachol; (C-A)/A x 100 = % vasoconstriction with L-NMMA; (B-D)/(B-A) x 100 = % nitric oxide component of carbachol response. L-NMMA = N-monomethyl-L-arginine.

View larger version (20K): [in a new window]   Figure 2 Effect of carbachol and L-NMMA on venous tone. *p < 0.01 change from unstressed volume with carbachol or L-NMMA; p < 0.01 reduction in carbachol response with coinfusion; p = ns compared with controls. CHF = chronic heart failure; L-NMMA = N-monomethyl-L-arginine.