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Acute ethanol exposure fails to elicit preconditioning-like protection in in situ rabbit hearts because of its continued presence during ischemia

Maike Krenz, MD^*, Christopher P. Baines, PhD^*, Xi-Ming Yang, MD^*, Gerd Heusch, MD, FACC, FESC^* , Michael V. Cohen, MD, FACC^* and James M. Downey, PhD^*

^* Department of Physiology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
Department of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
Department of Pathophysiology, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany

View larger version (24K): [in a new window]   Figure 1 Experimental protocols in in situ preparations (part A). Timing of the different interventions is shown in relation to the index ischemia. IPC = ischemic preconditioning.

View larger version (20K): [in a new window]   Figure 2 Experimental protocols in the in vitro and hybrid preparations (parts B and C). Timing of the different interventions is shown in relation to the index ischemia.

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   Figure 3 Effect of ethanol (E) on infarct size in the in situ preparation (part A). Open symbols, individual experiments; closed symbols, group means ± SEM. If the 10-min ethanol infusion were started 20 min prior to ischemia, infarct size was not affected. In contrast, a 10-min infusion of 0.35 g/kg ethanol started 1 h prior to ischemia significantly reduced infarct size in comparison to control. *p < 0.05 vs. Control.

View larger version (14K): [in a new window]   Figure 4 Effects of ethanol (E) alone or with staurosporine (S) + genistein (G) on infarct size in the in situ preparation (part A). Open symbols, individual experiments; closed symbols, group means ± SEM. Combining genistein and staurosporine did not affect infarct size either in the absence or presence of ethanol.

View larger version (14K): [in a new window]   Figure 5 Effects of ethanol (E), ischemic preconditioning (IPC), and diazoxide (D) on infarct size in the in situ preparation (part A). Open symbols, individual experiments; closed symbols, group means ± SEM. Ethanol abolished the reduction in infarct size induced by either IPC or diazoxide. *p < 0.05 vs. Control.

View larger version (18K): [in a new window]   Figure 6 Effects of ethanol (E) on infarct size in the in vitro preparation (part B). Open symbols, individual experiments; closed symbols, group means ± SEM. Ten, 20, and 50 mmol/liter ethanol reduced infarct size when washed out prior to ischemia, whereas protection was lost when ethanol (10 or 50 mmol/liter) was continued throughout ischemia. *p < 0.05 vs. Control.

View larger version (20K): [in a new window]   Figure 7 Effects of ethanol infusion in the open-chest rabbit followed by an ischemic insult in the Langendorff mode (hybrid preparation, part C). Open symbols, individual experiments; closed symbols, group means ± SEM. Ethanol exposure before excision of the hearts did confer protection as compared to hearts removed from untreated rabbits.