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Patient characteristics associated with care by a cardiologist among adults hospitalized with severe congestive heart failure

Andrew D. Auerbach, MD, MPH^*, Mary Beth Hamel, MD, MPH, Robert M. Califf, MD, FACC, Roger B. Davis, ScD, Neil S. Wenger, MD, Norman Desbiens, MD^||, Lee Goldman, MD, MPH, FACC^*, Humberto Vidaillet, MD, FACC^¶, Alfred F. Connors, MD^#, Joanne Lynn, MD^**, Neal V. Dawson, MD, Russell S. Phillips, MD for the SUPPORT Investigators

^* Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
Division of General Internal Medicine and Primary Care, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
^|| Chattanooga Unit, University of Tennessee College of Medicine, Chattanooga, Tennessee, USA
^¶ Marshfield Clinic, Marshfield, Wisconsin, USA
^# University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
^** Center to Improve Care of the Dying, Washington, DC, USA
MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA

View larger version (17K): [in a new window]   Figure 1 Factors associated with receiving cardiologist care. Results are displayed with adjusted odds ratio of receiving cardiologist as attending and 95% confidence intervals (total n = 1,298). Odds ratios less than 1 indicate a lower likelihood for receiving cardiologist care. Those with odds greater than 1 represent a higher likelihood. Confidence intervals that include 1 do not meet tests of statistical significance at the p < 0.05 level. Referent categories for multicategory variables: age <50, female gender, white race, income >$11,000/year, fewer than 12 years of education, any form of private insurance, three or fewer comorbidities. All models also contain adjustment for Acute Physiology Score, site of enrollment, patient history of dementia and whether the patient was admitted to an intensive care unit. ADL = activities of daily living; L-E care = life-extending care; MI = myocardial infarction; SBP = systolic blood pressure; VT/VF = ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation.