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Nonselective beta-adrenergic blocking agent, carvedilol, improves arterial baroflex gain and heart rate variability in patients with stable chronic heart failure

^a Department of Cardiology, Centro Medico di Montescano, "S. Maugeri" Foundation, IRCCS, Pavia, Italy

View larger version (36K): [in a new window]   Figure 1 Bar graph showing changes at six months of clinical and hemodynamic parameters in controls and in patients treated with beta-blockers. A significant improvement of all indexes is shown after beta-blockade, while they remain unmodified in controls. LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction; NYHA = New York Heart Association.

View larger version (49K): [in a new window]   Figure 2 Individual changes of BRS (upper panels) and SDNN (lower panels) at six months in controls and in patients treated with carvedilol. BRS = baroreflex sensitivity; SDNN = 24-h standard deviation of normal RR interval.

View larger version (18K): [in a new window]   Figure 3 Scatterplots illustrating the relation between changes in LVEF and changes in BRS (top panel) or SDNN (bottom panel) after beta-blockade. A significant relation between LVEF and both autonomic indexes is shown. BRS = baroreflex sensitivity; LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction; SDNN = 24-h standard deviation of normal RR interval.