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Marked ventricular repolarization abnormalities in highly trained athletes’ electrocardiograms: clinical and prognostic implications

Ricard Serra-Grima, MD, Montserrat Estorch, MD, Ignasi Carrió, MD, Maite Subirana, MD^*, Lluís Bernà, MD and Teresa Prat, MD^*

^* Department of Cardiology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
Centre d’Estudis d’Alt Rendiment Esportiu (CEARE), Barcelona, Spain

View larger version (112K): [in a new window]   Figure 1 Electrocardiogram of athlete 10 who participated in the Olympic Games in Los Angeles. This electrocardiogram, performed 12 years later when training level was significantly lower, continues to show marked repolarization abnormalities.

View larger version (100K): [in a new window]   Figure 2 Upper: electrocardiogram with marked repolarization abnormalities at rest. Lower: exercise electrocardiogram of the same athlete showing a decrease in the T wave voltage in V4 to V6 and a positive T wave in V2 to V3.

View larger version (81K): [in a new window]   Figure 3 Electrocardiogram at rest of athlete 5 showing marked repolarization abnormalities. This athlete participated in three Olympic Games.

View larger version (88K): [in a new window]   Figure 4 Electrocardiogram at rest of athlete 5 (Fig. 3) 20 years later. The same electrocardiographic repolarization alterations can be seen.