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Atrioventricular septal defects diagnosed in fetal life: associated cardiac and extra-cardiac abnormalities and outcome

^a Department of Fetal Cardiology, Guy’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom
^* Department of Public Health Medicine, Guys’ King’s and St. Thomas’ School of Medicine, London, United Kingdom

View larger version (17K): [in a new window]   Figure 1 Summary of the major characteristics and outcome of the fetuses studied. Of the 13 fetuses in whom the final diagnosis of AVSD was made only postnatally, the heart had been passed as normal on prenatal scan in one, and an alternative cardiac lesion had been diagnosed prenatally in the remainder, most often in the context of marked ventricular dominance. AVSD = atrioventricular septal defect.

View larger version (13K): [in a new window]   Figure 2 Survival for all AVSD with intention to continue. Kaplan-Meier survival curve for the 123 fetuses with AVSD where the intention was to continue the pregnancy. An additional event time was introduced to include all spontaneous deaths occurring between diagnosis and the time of live-birth. The broken lines indicate the 95% confidence intervals. AVSD = atrioventricular septal defects.

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   Figure 3 Pairs of survival curves for continuing pregnancies with and without various characteristics that might influence survival. (A) Hydrops fetalis; (B) extracardiac abnormalities; (C) ventricular dominance—ventricular dominance is defined as marked inequality of the size of the ventricles as subjectively judged by the operator at the time of the scan or at autopsy or surgery; (D) pulmonary stenosis or atresia.

View larger version (12K): [in a new window]   Figure 4 Survival for isolated and uncomplicated AVSD. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis for 43 fetuses with AVSD where there was intention to continue and where the cardiac abnormality was isolated and uncomplicated. The broken lines indicate the 95% confidence intervals. AVSD = atrioventricular septal defect.