Circadian rhythm and sudden death in heart failure
Results from prospective randomized amlodipine survival trial
Peter A. Carson, MD, FACC*,
Christopher M. OConnor, MD, FACC ,
Alan B. Miller, MD, FACC ,
Susan Anderson, PhD ,
Robert Belkin, MD, FACC||,
Gerald W. Neuberg, MD, FACC¶,
John H. Wertheimer, MD, FACC**,
David Frid, MD ,
Anne Cropp and
Milton Packer, MD, FACC¶
* VA Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
University of Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
|| Valhalla, New York, New York, USA
¶ Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
** Albert Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
 Ohio State University, Columbia, Ohio, USA
 Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut, USA

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Figure 1 All sudden deaths graphed by 4-h intervals. Analysis includes those with 4-h interval time of death with partial count included for each hour of the interval.
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Figure 2 Sudden death in the ischemic and nonischemic strata with time of death within 4-h intervals.
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Figure 3 All sudden deaths with time of death within 1-h intervals.
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Figure 4 All sudden deaths with a presenting identifiable rhythm. (A) Ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation; (B) other rhythms.
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