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Estrogen is associated with improved survival in aging women with congestive heart failure: analysis of the vesnarinone studies

Steven E. Reis, MD, FACC^*, Richard Holubkov, PhD^*, James B. Young, MD, FACC, B. G. White, PhD, Jay N. Cohn, MD, FACC and Arthur M. Feldman, MD, PhD, FACC^*

^* University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
Clinical Cardiovascular Research, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA

View larger version (15K): [in a new window]   Figure 1 Kaplan-Meier curves for all-cause mortality according to estrogen use (p = 0.004). Solid line = estrogen nonusers; broken line = estrogen users.

View larger version (13K): [in a new window]   Figure 2 Kaplan-Meier curves for all-cause mortality for estrogen users according to type of hormone (p = 0.42). Solid line = estrogen alone; broken line = estrogen/progestin.