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Apolipoprotein E genotype: epsilon32 women are protected while epsilon43 and epsilon44 men are susceptible to ischemic heart disease

The Copenhagen City Heart Study

Ruth Frikke-Schmidt, MD^*, Anne Tybjærg-Hansen, MD, DMSc^* , Rolf Steffensen, MD, Gorm Jensen, MD, DMSc and B.ørge G. Nordestgaard, MD, DMSc

^* Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev University Hospital, DK-2730, Herlev, Denmark
The Copenhagen City Heart Study, Bispebjerg University Hospital, DK-2400 Copenhagen NV, Denmark
Department of Medicine B, Division of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Glostrup University Hospital, DK-2600, Glostrup, Denmark

View larger version (29K): [in a new window]   Figure 1 Nonfasting lipids and lipoproteins as a function of apolipoprotein E genotype in women and men from the general population. Values are adjusted for age in 10 year age groups and are means ± 95% confidence intervals. ANOVA = Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance. HDL = high density lipoprotein.

View larger version (35K): [in a new window]   Figure 2 Nonfasting lipids and lipoproteins as a function of apolipoprotein E genotype in premenopausal women, untreated postmenopausal women and HRT treated postmenopausal women. Values are adjusted for age in 10 year age groups and are means ±95% confidence intervals. ANOVA = Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance. HDL = high density lipoprotein.

View larger version (30K): [in a new window]   Figure 3 Odds ratio and 95% CI for risk of ischemic heart disease as a function of tertiles of cholesterol, apoB, HDL cholesterol and triglycerides. Logistic regression models adjusted for 10 year age groups. The intermediate and highest levels were compared with the lowest levels as the reference, except HDL cholesterol where the lowest and intermediate levels were compared with the highest levels as the reference. CI = confidence interval; HDL = high density lipoprotein.

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Figure 4 Odds ratio and 95% CI for risk of IHD as a function of apolipoprotein E genotype relative to the common 33 genotype as the reference. One logistic regression model adjusted for 10 year age groups (= age adjustment), another adjusted for age, cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, apoAI, triglycerides, lipoprotein(a), body mass index, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking and, in addition, menopausal status and use of hormone replacement therapy for women (= multifactorial adjustment) and a third model adjusted for age and levels of apoB (= age, apoB adjustment). The size of the squares reflects the number of individuals with each genotype. CI = confidence interval.

View larger version (26K): [in a new window]   Figure 5 Odds ratio and 95% CI for risk of ischemic heart disease as a function of apolipoprotein E genotype relative to the common 33 genotype as the reference in premenopausal women (n = 1,451), untreated postmenopausal women (n = 2,908) and in HRT treated postmenopausal women (n = 689). Logistic regression models adjusted for 10 year age groups. The size of the squares reflects the number of individuals with each genotype. The 22 genotype in premenopausal women and the 22, 42 and 44 genotypes in HRT treated postmenopausal women were too few to calculate reasonable odds ratios. CI = confidence interval; HRT = hormone replacement therapy.