Association of body mass, gender and race with heart failure primarily due to hypertension
Stephanie H. Dunlap, DO ,
Carla A. Sueta, MD, PhD, FACC*,
Lisa Tomasko, DrPH* and
Kirkwood F. Adams, Jr., MD, FACC*
* Departments of Medicine and Radiology, School of Medicine, and the Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
Section of Cardiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Figure 1 Distribution of body habitus in the total study population. By the criteria specified in the study methods, a substantial minority of the study patients were overweight and obese, but morbid obesity was uncommon. NL = nonoverweight, OB = obesity, OVERWT = overweight.
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Figure 2 The relationship between body mass quintile and the likelihood of HTNCM in the total patient population. Increasing body mass is associated with progressive risk of HTNCM.
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Figure 3 The percentage of patients with HTNDX and HTNCM based on race and gender. The racial category is black versus nonblack. HTNDX is more common in black patients, while HTNCM is most common in black females and least common in other males. BF = black female, BM = black male, OF = other female, OM = other male.
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Figure 4 The percentage of patients with HTNCM is shown by race and gender for various body mass quintiles among patients with HTNDX. The complex relationship of race, gender and body mass to the likelihood of HTNCM is reflected. Solid squares = black females; solid circles = black males; open squares = other females; open triangles = other males.
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