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Differential effects of - and -tocopherol on low-density lipoprotein oxidation, superoxide activity, platelet aggregation and arterial thrombogenesis

Tom Saldeen, MD, PhD, FACC, Dayuan Li, MD^* and Jawahar L. Mehta, MD, PhD, FACC^*

^* Department of Medicine, University of Florida, and VA Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida, USA
Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden

View larger version (22K): [in a new window]   Figure 1 Plasma levels of - and -tocopherol in rats fed different diets. Plasma -tocopherol levels increased markedly in -tocopherol-fed rats, and -tocopherol levels decreased as compared with the control rats. On the other hand, plasma -tocopherol levels were markedly elevated in -tocopherol-fed rats, and -tocopherol levels were not different as compared with control rats. -T = -tocopherol; -T = -tocopherol. Data are mean ± SD (n = 11 rats in each group).

View larger version (25K): [in a new window]   Figure 2 Representative examples of thrombus formation in rats from control group, -tocopherol and -tocopherol group. The time to thrombus formation, as indicated by cessation of flow, is 9 min longer in -tocopherol fed rat, whereas thrombus formation is delayed markedly in the -tocopherol group. Please note the initial decrease in aortic flow in the rat from the -tocopherol group suggesting platelet aggregation; however, the flow is quickly restored suggesting break of the platelet aggregates.

View larger version (33K): [in a new window]   Figure 3 Summary of data on time to thrombus formation and platelet aggregation in rats from control group, -tocopherol and -tocopherol group. Data (mean ± SD) shown are from 11 rats in the control group, 11 rats in the -tocopherol group and 10 rats in the -tocopherol group

View larger version (18K): [in a new window]   Figure 4 Oxidation of LDL by PMA-stimulated leukocytes in the presence of rat plasma. Administration of - or -tocopherol to rats significantly decreased the rate of oxidation induced by PMA-stimulated leukocytes (p < 0.05 vs. control rats). -Tocopherol had stronger effect in reducing oxidizability of LDL than -tocopherol (p < 0.05). Data (mean ± SD) shown are from five separate experiments.

View larger version (30K): [in a new window]   Figure 5 Summary of data on arterial superoxide generation and plasma MDA levels. Data (mean ± SD) shown are from 11 rats in the control group, 11 rats in the -tocopherol group and 11 rats in the -tocopherol group

View larger version (29K): [in a new window]   Figure 6 SOD activity in aortic homogenates and plasma from rats fed different diets. Feeding of rats with - and -tocopherol increased SOD activity in the supernatants of aortic homogenates and in the plasma. Data (mean ± SD) shown are from 11 rats in the control group, 11 rats in the -tocopherol group and 11 rats in the -tocopherol group.