Gender differences in molecular remodeling in pressure overload hypertrophy
Ellen O. Weinberg, PhDa,
Christiane D. Thienelt, MDa,
Sarah E. Katz, BAa,
Jozef Bartunek, MDa,
Minori Tajima, MD, PhDa,
Susanne Rohrbacha,
Pamela S. Douglas, MD, FACCa and
Beverly H. Lorell, MD, FACCa
a Charles A. Dana Research Institute and the Harvard-Thorndike Laboratory and the Department of Medicine (Cardiovascular Division) of Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Figure 1 Left ventricular (LV) weight to tibial length ratio (left, LV/TL); LV weight to tibial length ratio as a percent of gender-matched control rats (middle, LV/TL, % Control), and LV meridional systolic wall stress (right, LV Systolic Stress). Values are mean ± SEM. LVH = LV hypertrophy.
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Figure 2 Relation between left ventricular (LV) developed pressure per gram LV (LV DevP/g) versus perfusate calcium concentration. Values are mean ± SE. Open squares = male control; solid squares = male LV hypertrophy; open circles = female control; solid circles = female LV hypertrophy. *p = 0.001 versus all groups.
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Figure 3 Beta-myosin heavy chain (top left, ß-MHC) and atrial natriuretic factor (top right, ANF) messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) levels normalized to glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) in densitometry units, and expressed as relative increase to gender-matched control (Con) hearts. Values are mean ± SE. Bottom shows representative samples from Northern blotting showing mRNA expression of beta-myosin heavy chain, ANF and GAPDH. LVH = left ventricular hypertrophy.
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Figure 4 Sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+–adenosine triphosphatase (SERCA-2) mRNA levels normalized to GAPDH in densitometry units, and expressed as relative increase to gender-matched control hearts. Values are mean ± SE. Bottom shows representative samples from Northern blotting showing RNA expression of SERCA-2 and GAPDH. Abbreviations as in Figure 3.
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Figure 5 Na+–Ca2+ exchanger RNA levels normalized to GAPDH in densitometry units (left) and expressed as relative increase to gender-matched controls (right). Values are mean ± SE. Bottom shows representative samples from Northern blotting showing RNA expression of Na+–Ca2+ exchanger and GAPDH. Abbreviations as in Figure 3.
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Figure 6 Identification of estrogen receptor transcript by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Figure shows RT-PCR products in adult rat female and male myocytes, and in left ventricular (LV) tissue from female and male LV hypertrophy (LVH) hearts. The sequence of the major 741-bp product was homologous to uterine estrogen receptor. No PCR products were obtained from negative control samples in the absence of reverse transcriptase (lanes 2, 4, 6, 8).
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