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J Am Coll Cardiol, 1999; 33:1956-1963
© 1999 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation
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Capillary density of skeletal muscle

A contributing mechanism for exercise intolerance in class II–III chronic heart failure independent of other peripheral alterations

Brian D. Duscha, MS*, William E. Kraus, MD* {dagger}, Steven J. Keteyian, PhD{ddagger}, Martin J. Sullivan, MD*, Howard J. Green, PhD§, Fred H. Schachat, PhD{dagger}, Anne M. Pippen, BS*, Clinton A. Brawner, BS{ddagger}, Jason M. Blank, BS{dagger} and Brian H. Annex, MD*

* Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
{dagger} Division of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
{ddagger} Henry Ford Heart and Vascular Institute, Detroit, Michigan, USA
§ Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada



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  		Figure 1 Comparison of endothelial cell/muscle fiber ratio (mean ± SD) between patients with ambulatory class II–III CHF and normal subjects (*p = 0.02).

 


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  		Figure 2 Comparison of endothelial cell/muscle fiber ratio (mean ± SD) between all subjects categorized by MET level (*p < 0.05 vs. CHF 4–5 METs and p = 0.01 vs. CHF >5 METs; **p = 0.01 vs. CHF >5 METs; ***p <0.05 vs. CHF >5 METs).

 


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  		Figure 3 Plots of the relationship between capillary density and aerobic markers’ maximal oxygen consumption and total exercise time for patients with CHF.

 




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