Changes in porcine transmitral flow velocity pattern and its diastolic determinants during partial coronary occlusion
Steven B. Solomon, PhDa,
Paolo Barbier, MDa and
Stanton A. Glantz, PhD, FACCa
a Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA 94143-0124
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Figure 1 Instrumentation of the heart. Care was taken to prevent the instruments from tethering the natural movement of the heart.
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Figure 2 Typical Doppler flow patterns measured at the annulus of the mitral valve with representative left atrial and left ventricular pressures during baseline and ischemia at 70 and 90 bpm.
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Figure 3 Typical hemodynamic measurements during the four experimental conditions. Baseline at 70 and 90 bpm; Ischemia at 70 and 90 bpm. LAP = left atrial pressure, mm Hg; LAD = left anterior descending coronary artery, ml; RVP = right ventricular pressure, mm Hg; LVP = left ventricular pressure, mm Hg; Volume = ml; ECG = electrocardiogram, volts.
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Figure 4 Typical passive end-diastolic pressure volume curves. These data points were fitted to the Glantz and Kernoff equation (dotted line) reflecting changes in myocardial elastic properties and the Nikolic equation (solid line) reflecting changes in ventricular chamber properties. (Note that dotted and solid lines cross).
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Figure 5 These are profile plots to illustrate the effect of the interaction term. An interaction effect (nonparallel response during baseline and ischemia during increases in heart rate from 70 to 90 bpm) in total flow, which is composed of early and late flow, is due to the interaction effect in late flow. An interaction effect in the atrioventricular pressure gradient is also illustrated.
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