Renal ischemia/reperfusion remotely improves myocardial energy metabolism during myocardial ischemia via adenosine receptors in rabbits: effects of "remote preconditioning"
Atsushi Takaoka, MDa,
Ichiro Nakae, MD, PhDa,
Kenichi Mitsunami, MD, PhD*,
Takahiro Yabe, MD, PhDa,
Shigehiro Morikawa, MD, PhD ,
Toshiro Inubushi, PhD and
Masahiko Kinoshita, MD, PhDa
a First Department of Internal Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta, Otsu 520-2192, Japan
* Department of General Medicine, Medical Coordination Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta, Otsu 520-2192, Japan
Molecular Neurobiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta, Otsu 520-2192, Japan
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Figure 1 Representative 31P-NMR spectra from CNT, MPC, RPC, SPT, MPC+SPT and RPC+SPT groups at baseline (BASE), after ischemic preconditioning (PC), before coronary occlusion (Pre-oc), after 40 min of coronary occlusion (Occ) and after 120 min of reperfusion (Rep). CNT = control; MPC = myocardial ischemic preconditioning; MPC+SPT = myocardial ischemic preconditioning plus 8-sulfophenyltheophylline-treatment; PCr = phosphocreatine; Pi = inorganic phosphate; RPC = renal ischemic preconditioning; RPC+SPT = renal ischemic preconditioning plus 8-sulfophenyltheophylline-treatment.
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Figure 2 Time courses of changes in phosphocreatine (PCr) as percentages of the baseline value in CNT (open squares), MPC (open triangles), RPC (open circles), SPT (solid squares), MPC+SPT (solid triangles) and RPC+SPT (solid circles) groups. *p < 0.05 versus CNT, #p < 0.05 versus MPC+SPT, p < 0.05 versus RPC+SPT. Data points represent the means ± SEM. Abbreviations as in Figure 1.
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Figure 3 Time courses of changes in ATP as percentages of the baseline value in CNT (open squares), MPC (open triangles), RPC (open circles), SPT (solid squares), MPC+SPT (solid triangles) and RPC+SPT (solid circles) groups. *p < 0.05 versus CNT, #p < 0.05 versus MPC + SPT, p < 0.05 versus RPC+SPT. Data points represent the means ± SEM. Abbreviations as in Figure 1.
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Figure 4 Time courses of changes in intracellular pH in CNT (open squares), MPC (open triangles), RPC (open circles), SPT (solid squares), MPC+SPT (solid triangles) and RPC+SPT (solid circles) groups. *p < 0.05 versus CNT, #p < 0.05 versus MPC+SPT, p < 0.05 versus RPC+SPT. Data points represent the means ± SEM. Abbreviations as in Figure 1.
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Figure 5 Scatterplots of relations between infarct size (IS) and area at risk (AAR) as percentages of total left ventricular (LV) mass in CNT (open squares), MPC (open triangles), RPC (open circles), SPT (solid squares), MPC+SPT (solid triangles) and RPC+SPT (solid circles) groups. The regression line of the MPC group (y = 0.20 x –0.01, r2 = 0.42) was significantly (p = 0.0001 by ANCOVA) less steep than that of the CNT group (y = 0.53 x –0.03, r2 = 0.43). The slope of the regression line in the RPC group (y = 0.22 x –0.01, r2 = 0.67) was significantly (p = 0.0001) less than that in the CNT group. There was no significant difference between the slopes of regression lines in MPC and RPC groups. The slope of the regression line in the MPC group was significantly (p = 0.0007) less than that in the MPC+SPT group (y = 0.51 x –0.05, r2 = 0.89). The slope of the regression line in the RPC group was significantly (p = 0.0001) less than that in the RPC+SPT group (y = 0.45 x –0.03, r2 = 0.78). There were no significant differences among the slope of regression lines in the CNT, SPT (y = 0.70 x –0.06, r2 = 0.94), MPC+SPT and RPC+SPT groups.
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