The North American vasovagal pacemaker study (VPS)
,2
A randomized trial of permanent cardiac pacing for the prevention of vasovagal syncope
Stuart J. Connolly, MD, FRCPC, FACCa,
Robert Sheldon, MD, PhD, FRCPC, FACC
,
Robin S. Roberts, MTechb,
Michael Gent, Dscb on Behalf of the Vasovagal Pacemaker Study Investigators
a Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
b Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
Cardiovascular Research Group, University of Calgary, Alberta, Calgary, Canada

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Figure 1 Kaplan-Meier plots of the time to the first recurrence of syncope among 27 patients randomized to receive a pacemaker and 27 patients randomized to not receive a pacemaker by intention-to-treat analysis.
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Copyright © 1999 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation.