Utility of three-dimensional echocardiography during balloon mitral valvuloplasty
Robert M. Applebaum, MDa,
Ravi R. Kasliwal, MD*,
Ajay Kanojia, MD*,
Ashok Seth, MD*,
Suman Bhandari, MD*,
Naresh Trehan, MD*,
Howard E. Winer, MD, FACCa,
Paul A. Tunick, MD, FACCa and
Itzhak Kronzon, MD, FACCa
a Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
* Cardiology Division of the Escorts Heart Institute, New Delhi, India
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Figure 1 The change in the degree of mitral regurgitation resulting from BMV.
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Figure 2 Diastolic frames of the three-dimensional reconstruction of the mitral valve orifice ( ) as seen from the left ventricle. The mitral valve area increased from 1.0 cm2 before BMV to 2.0 cm2 after BMV. The site of the commissural split is clearly demonstrated (arrow).
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Figure 3 The change in mitral valve area (centimeters squared), as measured by pressure half-time, resulting from BMV in patients with a complete versus a partial commissural split.
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Figure 4 Diastolic frames of the three-dimensional reconstruction of the mitral valve orifice as seen from the left ventricle. A leaflet tear is noted in the post-BMV image (arrow). The tear is perpendicular to the long axis of the mitral valve orifice.
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