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Preventive effects of carvedilol on nitrate tolerance—a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled comparative study between carvedilol and arotinolol

Hideki Watanabe, MD^*, Masaaki Kakihana, MD, Sadanori Ohtsuka, MD and Yasuro Sugishita, MD, FACC

^* Department of Cardiology, KINU Medical Association Hospital Mitsukaido, Ibaraki, Japan
Ibaraki Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Ami, Ibaraki, Japan
Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan

View larger version (29K): [in a new window]   Figure 1 Study protocol. NTG = nitroglycerin.

View larger version (37K): [in a new window]   Figure 2 The percentage of increase in the FBF after sublingual administration of NTG. Data are expressed as the mean value ± SD. **p < 0.01 vs. days 0 and 3; p < 0.05 between the two groups.

View larger version (37K): [in a new window]   Figure 3 The percentage of increase in platelet cGMP level after sublingual administration of NTG. Data are expressed as the mean value ± SD. **p < 0.01 vs. days 0 and 3; p < 0.05 between the two groups. cGMP = cyclic guanosine monophosphate.

View larger version (14K): [in a new window]   Figure 4 Chemical structures of arotinolol and carvedilol.