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Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of carvedilol on the prevention of nitrate tolerance in patients with chronic heart failure

Hideki Watanabe, MD^*, Masaaki Kakihana, MD, Sadanori Ohtsuka, MD and Yasuro Sugishita, MD, FACC

^* Department of Cardiology, KINU Medical Association Hospital, Mitsukaido, Japan
Ibaraki Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Ami, Japan
Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan

View larger version (43K): [in a new window]   Figure 1 Study protocol.

View larger version (43K): [in a new window]   Figure 2 Percentage of increase in the forearm blood flow after sublingual nitroglycerin. Data are expressed as the mean value ± SD. *p < 0.05 versus days 0 and 3; p < 0.05 versus carvedilol group.

View larger version (44K): [in a new window]   Figure 3 Percentage of increase in the platelet cyclic guanosine 5'-monophosphate level after sublingual nitroglycerin. Data are expressed as the mean value ± SD. *p < 0.05 versus days 0 and 3; p < 0.05 versus carvedilol group.