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Deficient insulin-like growth factor I in chronic heart failure predicts altered body composition, anabolic deficiency, cytokine and neurohormonal activation

Josef Niebauer, MD^a, Claus-Dieter Pflaum, MD^*, Andrew L. Clark, MD, Christian J. Strasburger, MD^*, James Hooper, MD, Philip A. Poole-Wilson, MD, FACC^a, Andrew J. S. Coats, DM, FACC^a and Stefan D. Anker, MD^a

^a Department of Cardiac Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital and National Heart and Lung Institute, Dovehouse Street, London, United Kingdom
^* Department of Endocrinology, Ludwig Maximilian Universität, München, Germany
Department of Cardiology, Western Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom
Department of Biochemistry, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom

View larger version (13K): [in a new window]   Figure 1 Fatigue testing. Muscle strength is expressed as proportion of the initial maximal contraction (i.e., 100% at rest). Measurements were repeated at 5, 10, 15 and 20 min of the fatigue protocol (see text for details). There was no significant difference between the two groups. Error bars are shown as the SEM for clarity.

View larger version (15K): [in a new window]   Figure 2 The relation between IGF-I and GH and body mass index (BMI).

View larger version (22K): [in a new window]   Figure 3 The relation between levels of catecholamines and growth hormone.

View larger version (14K): [in a new window]   Figure 4 The relation between corisol-to-DHEA ratio and IGF-to-GH ratio.