Fifteen year mortality in Coronary Drug Project patients: long-term benefit with niacin
PL Canner,
KG Berge,
NK Wenger,
J Stamler,
L Friedman,
RJ Prineas,
and
W Friedewald
The Coronary Drug Project was conducted between 1966 and 1975 to assess the long-term efficacy and safety of five lipid-influencing drugs in 8,341 men aged 30 to 64 years with electrocardiogram-documented previous myocardial infarction. The two estrogen regimens and dextrothyroxine were discontinued early because of adverse effects. No evidence of efficacy was found for the clofibrate treatment. Niacin treatment showed modest benefit in decreasing definite nonfatal recurrent myocardial infarction but did not decrease total mortality. With a mean follow-up of 15 years, nearly 9 years after termination of the trial, mortality from all causes in each of the drug groups, except for niacin, was similar to that in the placebo group. Mortality in the niacin group was 11% lower than in the placebo group (52.0 versus 58.2%; p = 0.0004). This late benefit of niacin, occurring after discontinuation of the drug, may be a result of a translation into a mortality benefit over subsequent years of the early favorable effect of niacin in decreasing nonfatal reinfarction or a result of the cholesterol-lowering effect of niacin, or both.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
|
|
 
J. L. Rosenzweig, E. Ferrannini, S. M. Grundy, S. M. Haffner, R. J. Heine, E. S. Horton, and R. Kawamori
Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease and Type 2 Diabetes in Patients at Metabolic Risk: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.,
October 1, 2008;
93(10):
3671 - 3689.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Lamon-Fava, M. R. Diffenderfer, P. H. R. Barrett, A. Buchsbaum, M. Nyaku, K. V. Horvath, B. F. Asztalos, S. Otokozawa, M. Ai, N. R. Matthan, et al.
Extended-Release Niacin Alters the Metabolism of Plasma Apolipoprotein (Apo) A-I and ApoB-Containing Lipoproteins
Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol.,
September 1, 2008;
28(9):
1672 - 1678.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Toutouzas and D. Richter
Carotid Intima--Media Thickness (cIMT): A Useful Clinic Tool or Research Luxury? Another View of the ENHANCE Trial
Angiology,
August 1, 2008;
59(2_suppl):
77S - 79S.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Z. T. Bloomgarden
Cardiovascular Disease in Diabetes
Diabetes Care,
June 1, 2008;
31(6):
1260 - 1266.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D J Hausenloy and D M Yellon
Targeting residual cardiovascular risk: raising high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels
Heart,
June 1, 2008;
94(6):
706 - 714.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Movva and D. J. Rader
Laboratory Assessment of HDL Heterogeneity and Function
Clin. Chem.,
May 1, 2008;
54(5):
788 - 800.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Davidson, P. M. Meyer, S. Haffner, S. Feinstein, R. D'Agostino Sr, G. T. Kondos, A. Perez, Z. Chen, and T. Mazzone
Increased High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Predicts the Pioglitazone-Mediated Reduction of Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Progression in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Circulation,
April 22, 2008;
117(16):
2123 - 2130.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. D. Brunzell, M. Davidson, C. D. Furberg, R. B. Goldberg, B. V. Howard, J. H. Stein, and J. L. Witztum
Lipoprotein Management in Patients With Cardiometabolic Risk: Consensus Conference Report From the American Diabetes Association and the American College of Cardiology Foundation
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.,
April 15, 2008;
51(15):
1512 - 1524.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. D. Brunzell, M. Davidson, C. D. Furberg, R. B. Goldberg, B. V. Howard, J. H. Stein, and J. L. Witztum
Lipoprotein Management in Patients With Cardiometabolic Risk: Consensus statement from the American Diabetes Association and the American College of Cardiology Foundation
Diabetes Care,
April 1, 2008;
31(4):
811 - 822.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Ferns and V. Keti
HDL-cholesterol modulation and its impact on the management of cardiovascular risk
Ann Clin Biochem,
March 1, 2008;
45(2):
122 - 128.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Oh, A. Malani, H. Ammar, S. Mughal, and J. D. Brunzell
Hypertriglyceridemia.
N. Engl. J. Med.,
January 17, 2008;
358(3):
310 - 310.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. M. deGoma, N. J. Leeper, and P. A. Heidenreich
Clinical significance of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients with low low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.,
January 1, 2008;
51(1):
49 - 55.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. J. Lavie and R. V. Milani
Shedding light on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol: the post-ILLUMINATE era.
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.,
January 1, 2008;
51(1):
56 - 58.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
American Diabetes Association
Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes--2008
Diabetes Care,
January 1, 2008;
31(Supplement_1):
S12 - S54.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. D. Brunzell
Hypertriglyceridemia
N. Engl. J. Med.,
September 6, 2007;
357(10):
1009 - 1017.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. M. Singh, M. H. Shishehbor, and B. J. Ansell
High-Density Lipoprotein as a Therapeutic Target: A Systematic Review
JAMA,
August 15, 2007;
298(7):
786 - 798.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. M S Lee and R. P Choudhury
Prospects for atherosclerosis regression through increase in high-density lipoprotein and other emerging therapeutic targets
Heart,
May 1, 2007;
93(5):
559 - 564.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Yuan, K. Z. Al-Shali, and R. A. Hegele
Hypertriglyceridemia: its etiology, effects and treatment
Can. Med. Assoc. J.,
April 10, 2007;
176(8):
1113 - 1120.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. C.H. Kwan, F. Kronenberg, S. Beddhu, and A. K. Cheung
Lipoprotein Metabolism and Lipid Management in Chronic Kidney Disease
J. Am. Soc. Nephrol.,
April 1, 2007;
18(4):
1246 - 1261.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. J. Nicholls, E. M. Tuzcu, I. Sipahi, A. W. Grasso, P. Schoenhagen, T. Hu, K. Wolski, T. Crowe, M. Y. Desai, S. L. Hazen, et al.
Statins, High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, and Regression of Coronary Atherosclerosis
JAMA,
February 7, 2007;
297(5):
499 - 508.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. R. Bates, C. J. D. Babb, D. E. Casey, C. U. Cates, G. R. Duckwiler, T. E. Feldman, W. A. Gray, K. Ouriel, E. D. Peterson, K. Rosenfield, et al.
ACCF/SCAI/SVMB/SIR/ASITN 2007 Clinical Expert Consensus Document on Carotid Stenting: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Task Force on Clinical Expert Consensus Documents (ACCF/SCAI/SVMB/SIR/ASITN Clinical Expert Consensus Document Committee on Carotid Stenting)
Vascular Medicine,
February 1, 2007;
12(1):
35 - 83.
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
American Society of Interventional & Therapeutic N, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interve, Society for Vascular Medicine and Biology, Society of Interventional Radiology, E. R. Bates, J. D. Babb, D. E. Casey Jr, C. U. Cates, G. R. Duckwiler, T. E. Feldman, et al.
ACCF/SCAI/SVMB/SIR/ASITN 2007 Clinical Expert Consensus Document on Carotid Stenting: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Task Force on Clinical Expert Consensus Documents (ACCF/SCAI/SVMB/SIR/ASITN Clinical Expert Consensus Document Committee on Carotid Stenting)
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.,
January 2, 2007;
49(1):
126 - 170.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Reasner
Rational therapy of mixed dyslipidaemia in a patient with diabetes
The British Journal of Diabetes & Vascular Disease,
January 1, 2007;
7(1):
25 - 30.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. R. Freeman, A. L. Drake, L. F. Heilig, M. Graber, K. McNealy, L. M. Schilling, and R. P. Dellavalle
Statins, Fibrates, and Melanoma Risk: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
J Natl Cancer Inst,
November 1, 2006;
98(21):
1538 - 1546.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Paramsothy and R. Knopp
Management of dyslipidaemias.
Heart,
October 1, 2006;
92(10):
1529 - 1534.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Drexel
Reducing risk by raising HDL-cholesterol: the evidence
Eur. Heart J. Suppl.,
October 1, 2006;
8(suppl_F):
F23 - F29.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. S. Wierzbicki
Diabetic dyslipidaemia: the triad
Eur. Heart J. Suppl.,
October 1, 2006;
8(suppl_F):
F30 - F33.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. G. Brown
Niaspan(R) in the management of dyslipidaemia: the evidence
Eur. Heart J. Suppl.,
October 1, 2006;
8(suppl_F):
F60 - F67.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. A. Reasner
Achieving the therapeutic benefits of Niaspan(R) in daily practice
Eur. Heart J. Suppl.,
October 1, 2006;
8(suppl_F):
F68 - F73.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. J. Taylor
Evidence to support aggressive management of HDL-cholesterol: implications of recent trials
Eur. Heart J. Suppl.,
October 1, 2006;
8(suppl_F):
F74 - F80.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Wittes
A tale of three species rabbits, chickens and humans: an interview with clinical trials pioneer Jeremiah Stamler
Clinical Trials,
June 1, 2006;
3(3):
320 - 334.
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. L. Olson and L. A. Potts
Role of the Pharmacist in the Management of Dyslipidemia
Journal of Pharmacy Practice,
April 1, 2006;
19(2):
94 - 102.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Duffy and D. J. Rader
Emerging Therapies Targeting High-Density Lipoprotein Metabolism and Reverse Cholesterol Transport
Circulation,
February 28, 2006;
113(8):
1140 - 1150.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. J. Barter and J. J.P. Kastelein
Targeting Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein for the Prevention and Management of Cardiovascular Disease
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.,
February 7, 2006;
47(3):
492 - 499.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Ohashi, H. Mu, X. Wang, Q. Yao, and C. Chen
Reverse cholesterol transport and cholesterol efflux in atherosclerosis
QJM,
December 1, 2005;
98(12):
845 - 856.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2nd International Symposium on Triglycerides and HDL: Lipid abnormalities and their treatment
Diabetes Care,
November 1, 2005;
28(11):
2795 - 2802.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. D. Ashen and R. S. Blumenthal
Low HDL Cholesterol Levels
N. Engl. J. Med.,
September 22, 2005;
353(12):
1252 - 1260.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Shepherd
Raising HDL-cholesterol and lowering CHD risk: does intervention work?
Eur. Heart J. Suppl.,
July 1, 2005;
7(suppl_F):
F15 - F22.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Bruckert, R. Pamphile, F. McCoy, and P. Andre
Defining the prevalence of low HDL-C in a European cohort of dyslipidaemic patients
Eur. Heart J. Suppl.,
July 1, 2005;
7(suppl_F):
F23 - F26.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. J.P. Kastelein
The realities of dyslipidaemia: what do the studies tell us?
Eur. Heart J. Suppl.,
July 1, 2005;
7(suppl_F):
F27 - F33.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. G. Brown
Maximizing coronary disease risk reduction using nicotinic acid combined with LDL-lowering therapy
Eur. Heart J. Suppl.,
July 1, 2005;
7(suppl_F):
F34 - F40.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. A. Reasner
Niaspan(R): a powerful treatment option for 'diabetic dyslipidaemia'
Eur. Heart J. Suppl.,
July 1, 2005;
7(suppl_F):
F48 - F55.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. R. Goldstein
Use of Niacin During Non-ST-Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes
JAMA,
May 4, 2005;
293(17):
2092 - 2093.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. M. Lee and R. P Choudhury
ARBITER 2: targeting HDL to retard atherosclerosis progression: Arterial Biology for the Investigation of the Treatment Effects of Reducing Cholesterol (ARBITER) 2
The British Journal of Diabetes & Vascular Disease,
March 1, 2005;
5(2):
78 - 80.
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Barter
Role of nicotinic acid in raising high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) to reduce cardiovascular risk: an Asian/Pacific consensus: The Pan-Asian Consensus Panel On Hdl-C
The British Journal of Diabetes & Vascular Disease,
March 1, 2005;
5(2_suppl):
S1 - S15.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. J. Whitney, R. A. Krasuski, B. E. Personius, J. E. Michalek, A. M. Maranian, M. W. Kolasa, E. Monick, B. G. Brown, and A. M. Gotto Jr.
A Randomized Trial of a Strategy for Increasing High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels: Effects on Progression of Coronary Heart Disease and Clinical Events
Ann Intern Med,
January 18, 2005;
142(2):
95 - 104.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Shepherd
Raising HDL-C and lowering triglycerides: benefits beyond LDL-C modification
The British Journal of Diabetes & Vascular Disease,
January 1, 2005;
5(1_suppl):
S12 - S16.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Drexel
Modern intervention strategies for managing dyslipidaemia: the case for combination therapy
The British Journal of Diabetes & Vascular Disease,
January 1, 2005;
5(1_suppl):
S17 - S23.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. J. Taylor, L. E. Sullenberger, H. J. Lee, J. K. Lee, and K. A. Grace
Arterial Biology for the Investigation of the Treatment Effects of Reducing Cholesterol (ARBITER) 2: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of Extended-Release Niacin on Atherosclerosis Progression in Secondary Prevention Patients Treated With Statins
Circulation,
December 7, 2004;
110(23):
3512 - 3517.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Z. T. Bloomgarden
Dyslipidemia and the Metabolic Syndrome
Diabetes Care,
December 1, 2004;
27(12):
3009 - 3016.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
T I Metelitsina, J E Grunwald, J C DuPont, and G-S Ying
Effect of niacin on the choroidal circulation of patients with age related macular degeneration
Br. J. Ophthalmol.,
December 1, 2004;
88(12):
1568 - 1572.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. A. Meagher
Addressing Cardiovascular Disease in Women: Focus on Dyslipidemia
J Am Board Fam Med,
November 1, 2004;
17(6):
424 - 437.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. H. Ganji, S. Tavintharan, D. Zhu, Y. Xing, V. S. Kamanna, and M. L. Kashyap
Niacin noncompetitively inhibits DGAT2 but not DGAT1 activity in HepG2 cells
J. Lipid Res.,
October 1, 2004;
45(10):
1835 - 1845.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. M. Grundy, J. I. Cleeman, C. N. Bairey Merz, H. B. Brewer Jr, L. T. Clark, D. B. Hunninghake, R. C. Pasternak, S. C. Smith Jr, N. J. Stone, and Coordinating Committee of the National Cholesterol
Implications of recent clinical trials for the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III Guidelines
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.,
August 4, 2004;
44(3):
720 - 732.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. M. Grundy, J. I. Cleeman, C. N. B. Merz, H. B. Brewer Jr, L. T. Clark, D. B. Hunninghake, R. C. Pasternak, S. C. Smith Jr, N. J. Stone, for the Coordinating Committee of the National Cho, et al.
Implications of Recent Clinical Trials for the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III Guidelines
Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol.,
August 1, 2004;
24(8):
e149 - e161.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. M. Grundy, J. I. Cleeman, C. N. B. Merz, H. B. Brewer Jr, L. T. Clark, D. B. Hunninghake, R. C. Pasternak, S. C. Smith Jr, N. J. Stone, for the Coordinating Committee of the National Cho, et al.
Implications of Recent Clinical Trials for the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III Guidelines
Circulation,
July 13, 2004;
110(2):
227 - 239.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. Insull Jr, M. E. McGovern, H. Schrott, P. Thompson, J. R. Crouse, F. Zieve, and J. Corbelli
Efficacy of Extended-Release Niacin With Lovastatin for Hypercholesterolemia: Assessing All Reasonable Doses With Innovative S | |
