CLINICAL RESEARCH: BIOMARKERS
Significance of a Multiple Biomarkers Strategy Including Endothelial Dysfunction to Improve Risk Stratification for Cardiovascular Events in Patients at High Risk for Coronary Heart Disease
Toshimitsu Nozaki, MD*,
Seigo Sugiyama, MD, PhD*,*,
Hidenobu Koga, MD, PhD*,
Koichi Sugamura, MD*,
Keisuke Ohba, MD*,
Yasushi Matsuzawa, MD*,
Hitoshi Sumida, MD, PhD ,
Kunihiko Matsui, MD, PhD ,
Hideaki Jinnouchi, MD, PhD and
Hisao Ogawa, MD, PhD*
* Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
Department of Interventional Cardiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
Department of General Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
Jinnouchi Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
Manuscript received January 5, 2009;
revised manuscript received May 21, 2009,
accepted May 25, 2009.
* Reprint requests and correspondence: Dr. Seigo Sugiyama, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto City 860-8556, Japan (Email: ssugiyam{at}gpo.kumamoto-u.ac.jp).
Objectives: We investigated whether a multiple biomarkers strategy that includes plasma levels of endothelium-derived microparticles (EMP), reflecting endothelial dysfunction, can improve prediction of future cardiovascular events in patients at high risk for coronary heart disease (CHD).
Background: Detailed risk stratification using multiple biomarkers can provide clinical benefits in high-risk patients. Endothelial dysfunction has been described as a predictor of cardiovascular complications.
Methods: We measured 3 biomarkers in 488 consecutive patients with various CHD risks: B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and EMP. We followed 387 stable patients at high risk for CHD and examined future cardiovascular events.
Results: During a mean follow-up of 36 months, 55 patients developed cardiovascular events. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis adjusted for established risk factors identified age, BNP, hsCRP, and EMP as significant and independent predictors of future cardiovascular events (age: hazard ratio [HR]: 1.042, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.007 to 1.080, p = 0.02; BNP: HR: 1.242, 95% CI: 1.004 to 1.536, p = 0.046; hsCRP: HR: 1.468, 95% CI: 1.150 to 1.875, p = 0.002; EMP: HR: 1.345, 95% CI: 1.094 to 1.652, p = 0.005). The C statistics for cardiovascular events increased when each biomarker or combinations of biomarkers were added to the Framingham risk model (C statistics: Framingham risk model alone 0.636, Framingham risk + BNP 0.695, Framingham risk + hsCRP 0.696, Framingham risk + EMP 0.682, and Framingham risk + BNP + hsCRP + EMP 0.763).
Conclusions: The assessment of endothelial dysfunction by plasma levels of EMP can independently predict future cardiovascular events in patients at high risk for CHD. A multiple biomarkers strategy that includes endothelial dysfunction assessed by EMP can identify patients vulnerable to cardiovascular disease. (University Hospital Medical Information Network number: UMIN000000876)
Key Words: biomarkers • endothelium • microparticles • follow-up studies • coronary heart disease
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Abbreviations and Acronyms
| | ACS = acute coronary syndromes | | BNP = B-type natriuretic peptide | | CAD = coronary artery disease | | CHD = coronary heart disease | | CI = confidence interval | | DM = diabetes mellitus | | eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate | | EMP = endothelium-derived microparticle(s) | | HDL = high-density lipoprotein | | HR = hazard ratio | | hsCRP = high-sensitivity C-reactive protein | | LDL = low-density lipoprotein |
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