JACC WHITE PAPER
Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance in Myocarditis: A JACC White Paper
Matthias G. Friedrich, MD*,*,
Udo Sechtem, MD ,
Jeanette Schulz-Menger, MD ,
Godtfred Holmvang, MD||,
Pauline Alakija, MD ,
Leslie T. Cooper, MD¶,
James A. White, MD#,
Hassan Abdel-Aty, MD,
Matthias Gutberlet, MD**,
Sanjay Prasad, MD,
Anthony Aletras, PhD,
Jean-Pierre Laissy, MD,
Ian Paterson, MD||||,
Neil G. Filipchuk, MD*,
Andreas Kumar, MD*,
Matthias Pauschinger, MD¶¶,
Peter Liu, MD## for the International Consensus Group on Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance in Myocarditis
* Department of Cardiac Sciences and Radiology, Stephenson Cardiovascular MR Centre at the Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
Department of Pathology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Department of Cardiology, Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus, Stuttgart, Germany
Franz-Volhard-Klinik, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, HELIOS-Klinikum Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany
|| Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
¶ Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
# London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
** Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom
National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
Department of Radiology, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
|||| Division of Cardiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
¶¶ Department of Cardiology, Klinikum Nürnberg Süd, Nürnberg, Germany
## Toronto General Hospital, Max Bell Research Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Manuscript received September 3, 2008;
revised manuscript received January 31, 2009,
accepted February 3, 2009.
* Reprint requests and correspondence: Dr. Matthias G. Friedrich, Stephenson Cardiovascular MR Centre at the Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Department of Cardiac Sciences and Radiology, University of Calgary, 1403 29th Street NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 2T9, Canada (Email: matthias.friedrich{at}ucalgary.ca).
Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) has become the primary tool for noninvasive assessment of myocardial inflammation in patients with suspected myocarditis. The International Consensus Group on CMR Diagnosis of Myocarditis was founded in 2006 to achieve consensus among CMR experts and develop recommendations on the current state-of-the-art use of CMR for myocarditis. The recommendations include indications for CMR in patients with suspected myocarditis, CMR protocol standards, terminology for reporting CMR findings, and diagnostic CMR criteria for myocarditis (i.e., "Lake Louise Criteria").
Key Words: cardiovascular magnetic resonance • myocarditis • consensus
Related Article
-
Inside This Issue
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2009 53: A28.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
|
|
 
D. H. O'Donnell, S. Abbara, V. Chaithiraphan, K. Yared, R. P. Killeen, R. Martos, D. Keane, R. C. Cury, and J. D. Dodd
Cardiac MR Imaging of Nonischemic Cardiomyopathies: Imaging Protocols and Spectra of Appearances
Radiology,
February 1, 2012;
262(2):
403 - 422.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. A. White, N. M. Fine, L. Gula, R. Yee, A. Skanes, G. Klein, P. Leong-Sit, H. Warren, T. Thompson, M. Drangova, et al.
Utility of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance in Identifying Substrate for Malignant Ventricular Arrhythmias
Circ Cardiovasc Imaging,
January 1, 2012;
5(1):
12 - 20.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Thavendiranathan, M. Walls, S. Giri, D. Verhaert, S. Rajagopalan, S. Moore, O. P. Simonetti, and S. V. Raman
Improved Detection of Myocardial Involvement in Acute Inflammatory Cardiomyopathies Using T2 Mapping
Circ Cardiovasc Imaging,
January 1, 2012;
5(1):
102 - 110.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
U. Sechtem, S. Achenbach, M. Friedrich, F. Wackers, and J. L. Zamorano
Non-invasive imaging in acute chest pain syndromes
Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging,
January 1, 2012;
13(1):
69 - 78.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Deshpande, M. Pakkal, B. Agrawal, and V. Raj
Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging of non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy
Postgrad. Med. J.,
January 1, 2012;
88(1035):
38 - 48.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Kumar, N. Beohar, J. M. Arumana, E. Larose, D. Li, M. G. Friedrich, and R. Dharmakumar
CMR Imaging of Edema in Myocardial Infarction Using Cine Balanced Steady-State Free Precession
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. Img.,
December 1, 2011;
4(12):
1265 - 1273.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Mavrogeni, K. Bratis, and G. Kolovou
Cardiac magnetic resonance in myocarditis. What we know and what we have to learn
Eur J Heart Fail,
December 1, 2011;
13(12):
1381 - 1381.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. M. Elliott and S. A. Mohiddin
Almanac 2011: cardiomyopathies. The national society journals present selected research that has driven recent advances in clinical cardiology
Heart,
December 1, 2011;
97(23):
1914 - 1919.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. P. Leong, A. Chakrabarty, N. Shipp, P. Molaee, P. L. Madsen, L. Joerg, T. Sullivan, S. G. Worthley, C. G. De Pasquale, P. Sanders, et al.
Effects of myocardial fibrosis and ventricular dyssynchrony on response to therapy in new-presentation idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy: insights from cardiovascular magnetic resonance and echocardiography
Eur. Heart J.,
November 1, 2011;
(2011)
ehr391v1.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
H.-P. Schultheiss, U. Kuhl, and L. T. Cooper
The management of myocarditis
Eur. Heart J.,
November 1, 2011;
32(21):
2616 - 2625.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J.-F. Deux, M. Maatouk, P. Lim, A. Vignaud, J. Mayer, P. Gueret, and A. Rahmouni
Acute Myocarditis: Diagnostic Value of Contrast-Enhanced Cine Steady-State Free Precession MRI Sequences
Am. J. Roentgenol.,
November 1, 2011;
197(5):
1081 - 1087.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Mavrogeni, C. Bratis, I. Iakovou, and G. Kolovou
Systemic lupus erythematosus: Two sides of the same coin evaluated by cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging
Lupus,
October 1, 2011;
20(12):
1338 - 1339.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. M. McNamara, R. C. Starling, L. T. Cooper, J. P. Boehmer, P. J. Mather, K. M. Janosko, J. Gorcsan III, K. E. Kip, G. W. Dec, and IMAC Investigators
Clinical and Demographic Predictors of Outcomes in Recent Onset Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Results of the IMAC (Intervention in Myocarditis and Acute Cardiomyopathy)-2 Study
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.,
September 6, 2011;
58(11):
1112 - 1118.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Alter and H. Rupp
Accuracy of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging modalities to diagnose myocarditis
Eur J Heart Fail,
September 1, 2011;
13(9):
1041 - 1041.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. A. Monney, N. Sekhri, T. Burchell, C. Knight, C. Davies, A. Deaner, M. Sheaf, S. Baithun, S. Petersen, A. Wragg, et al.
Acute myocarditis presenting as acute coronary syndrome: role of early cardiac magnetic resonance in its diagnosis
Heart,
August 15, 2011;
97(16):
1312 - 1318.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. P. O'Regan and S. A. Cook
Myocarditis or myocardial infarction? MRI can help
Heart,
August 15, 2011;
97(16):
1283 - 1283.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Mavrogeni, C. Spargias, C. Bratis, G. Kolovou, V. Markussis, E. Papadopoulou, P. Constadoulakis, M. Papadimitropoulos, M. Douskou, G. Pavlides, et al.
Myocarditis as a precipitating factor for heart failure: evaluation and 1-year follow-up using cardiovascular magnetic resonance and endomyocardial biopsy
Eur J Heart Fail,
August 1, 2011;
13(8):
830 - 837.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. Eitel, F. von Knobelsdorff-Brenkenhoff, P. Bernhardt, I. Carbone, K. Muellerleile, A. Aldrovandi, M. Francone, S. Desch, M. Gutberlet, O. Strohm, et al.
Clinical Characteristics and Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Findings in Stress (Takotsubo) Cardiomyopathy
JAMA,
July 20, 2011;
306(3):
277 - 286.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. T. D. Hoey, G. S. Gulati, A. Ganeshan, R. W. Watkin, H. Simpson, and S. Sharma
Cardiovascular MRI for Assessment of Infectious and Inflammatory Conditions of the Heart
Am. J. Roentgenol.,
July 1, 2011;
197(1):
103 - 112.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J.-E. Bibault, N. Cambier, J.-M. Lemahieu, B. Quesnel, M. Auffret, and C. Rose
Acute Myocarditis Induced by Hypomethylating Agents
J. Clin. Oncol.,
May 10, 2011;
29(14):
e411 - e412.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Thavendiranathan, D. Verhaert, K. L. Kendra, and S. V. Raman
Fulminant myocarditis owing to high-dose interleukin-2 therapy for metastatic melanoma
Br. J. Radiol.,
May 1, 2011;
84(1001):
e99 - e102.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Eurlings and S. Heymans
Diastolic heart failure after acute myocarditis, a new discovery in inflammatory cardiomyopathies?
Heart,
May 1, 2011;
97(9):
685 - 686.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Ukena, F. Mahfoud, I. Kindermann, R. Kandolf, M. Kindermann, and M. Bohm
Prognostic electrocardiographic parameters in patients with suspected myocarditis
Eur J Heart Fail,
April 1, 2011;
13(4):
398 - 405.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Schulz-Menger
Myocardial Edema in Acute Ischemic Injury
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. Img.,
March 1, 2011;
4(3):
279 - 281.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. C. Stewart, J. Lopez-Molina, R. V. S. R. K. Gottumukkala, G. F. Rosner, M. S. Anello, J. L. Hecht, G. L. Winters, R. F. Padera, K. L. Baughman, and M. A. Lipes
Myocardial Parvovirus B19 Persistence: Lack of Association With Clinicopathologic Phenotype in Adults With Heart Failure
Circ Heart Fail,
January 1, 2011;
4(1):
71 - 78.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Sharland
Further reading
Manual of Childhood Infections: The Blue Book,
January 1, 2011;
3(1):
med-9780199573585-div1-00 - med-9780199573585-div1-00.
[Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Parsai and S. K. Prasad
21 Heart failure imaged by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging
Oxford Textbook of Heart Failure,
January 1, 2011;
1(1):
med-9780199577729-chapter - med-9780199577729-chapter.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Noutsias, S. Pankuweit, and B. Maisch
Chapter 56 Myocarditis, cardiac tamponade, and pericarditis
The ESC Textbook of Acute and Intensive Cardiac Care,
December 1, 2010;
1(1):
med-9780199584314-chapter - med-9780199584314-chapter.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. N. Jordan, J. Lyne, R. De Silva, and T. Wong
Myocarditic Appearance of Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy
Circulation,
November 23, 2010;
122(21):
e556 - e557.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. R. Foerster, C. E. Canter, A. Cinar, L. A. Sleeper, S. A. Webber, E. Pahl, P. F. Kantor, J. A. Alvarez, S. D. Colan, J. L. Jefferies, et al.
Ventricular Remodeling and Survival Are More Favorable for Myocarditis Than For Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy in Childhood: An Outcomes Study From the Pediatric Cardiomyopathy Registry
Circ Heart Fail,
November 1, 2010;
3(6):
689 - 697.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Yilmaz, I. Kindermann, M. Kindermann, F. Mahfoud, C. Ukena, A. Athanasiadis, S. Hill, H. Mahrholdt, M. Voehringer, M. Schieber, et al.
Comparative Evaluation of Left and Right Ventricular Endomyocardial Biopsy: Differences in Complication Rate and Diagnostic Performance
Circulation,
August 31, 2010;
122(9):
900 - 909.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Walker, N. Bhullar, N. Fallah-Rad, M. Lytwyn, M. Golian, T. Fang, A. R. Summers, P. K. Singal, I. Barac, I. D. Kirkpatrick, et al.
Role of Three-Dimensional Echocardiography in Breast Cancer: Comparison With Two-Dimensional Echocardiography, Multiple-Gated Acquisition Scans, and Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging
J. Clin. Oncol.,
July 20, 2010;
28(21):
3429 - 3436.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. G. Hundley, D. A. Bluemke, J. P. Finn, S. D. Flamm, M. A. Fogel, M. G. Friedrich, V. B. Ho, M. Jerosch-Herold, C. M. Kramer, W. J. Manning, et al.
ACCF/ACR/AHA/NASCI/SCMR 2010 Expert Consensus Document on Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Task Force on Expert Consensus Documents
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.,
June 8, 2010;
55(23):
2614 - 2662.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
WRITING COMMITTEE MEMBERS, W. G. Hundley, D. A. Bluemke, J. P. Finn, S. D. Flamm, M. A. Fogel, M. G. Friedrich, V. B. Ho, M. Jerosch-Herold, C. M. Kramer, et al.
ACCF/ACR/AHA/NASCI/SCMR 2010 Expert Consensus Document on Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Task Force on Expert Consensus Documents
Circulation,
June 8, 2010;
121(22):
2462 - 2508.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Afonso, P. Hari, V. Pidlaoan, A. Kondur, S. Jacob, and V. Khetarpal
Acute myocarditis: can novel echocardiographic techniques assist with diagnosis?
Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging,
April 1, 2010;
11(3):
E5 - E5.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. O. Puntmann, P. C. Taylor, A. Barr, B. Schnackenburg, C. Jahnke, and I. Paetsch
Towards understanding the phenotypes of myocardial involvement in the presence of self-limiting and sustained systemic inflammation: a magnetic resonance imaging study
Rheumatology,
March 1, 2010;
49(3):
528 - 535.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. J. Pennell
Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance
Circulation,
February 9, 2010;
121(5):
692 - 705.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. N. DeMaria, J. J. Bax, O. Ben-Yehuda, G. K. Feld, B. H. Greenberg, J. Hall, M. Hlatky, W. Y.W. Lew, J. A.C. Lima, A. S. Maisel, et al.
Highlights of the Year in JACC 2009
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.,
January 26, 2010;
55(4):
380 - 407.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Rolf and H. M. Nef
Occurrence of late gadolinium enhancement in ventricular ballooning or Tako-Tsubo syndrome: increased wall stress should not be overlooked: reply
Eur. Heart J.,
December 1, 2009;
30(23):
2949 - 2949.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Hamilton-Craig, J. Layland, D. Platts, M. Hansen, R. Slaughter, and J. Fraser
Letter by Hamilton-Craig et al Regarding Article, "Posttraumatic Cardiac Contrecoup: In Vivo Evidence by Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging"
Circulation,
November 3, 2009;
120(18):
e155 - e155.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. C. Schultz, A. A. Hilliard, L. T. Cooper Jr, and C. S. Rihal
Diagnosis and Treatment of Viral Myocarditis
Mayo Clin. Proc.,
November 1, 2009;
84(11):
1001 - 1009.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
O. Bruder, S. Schneider, D. Nothnagel, T. Dill, V. Hombach, J. Schulz-Menger, E. Nagel, M. Lombardi, A. C. van Rossum, A. Wagner, et al.
EuroCMR (European Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance) Registry: Results of the German Pilot Phase
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.,
October 6, 2009;
54(15):
1457 - 1466.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. Eitel, G. Schuler, and H. Thiele
Myocarditis mimicking Takotsubo cardiomyopathy or Takotsubo cardiomyopathy with secondary inflammation?
Eur J Heart Fail,
August 1, 2009;
11(8):
809 - 809.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. L.P. Caforio, F. Tona, A. Vinci, A. Ramondo, L. Cacciavillani, L. Leoni, S. Iliceto, F. Calabrese, G. Thiene, A. Angelini, et al.
Myocarditis mimicking Takotsubo cardiomyopathy or Takotsubo cardiomyopathy with secondary inflammation?: reply
Eur J Heart Fail,
August 1, 2009;
11(8):
810 - 810.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
Interview 
