Advertisement

Click here for more guidelines.
2012 ACCF/ AATS/ SCAI/ STS Expert Consensus Document on Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
ACCF/ SCAI/ STS/ AATS/ AHA/ ASNC/ HFSA/ SCCT 2012 Appropriate Use Criteria for Coronary Revascularization Focused Update
2012 ACCF/ AHA/ ACR/ SCAI/ SIR/ STS/ SVM/ SVN Key Data Elements and Definitions for Peripheral Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease

 
About JACC CME
Policy on Privacy and Confidentiality
Disclosures
Important Information
 

JACC Imaging Homepage JACC Interventions Homepage
Still not a subscriber to JACC Imaging or JACC Interventions?
Click here
to sign up now!

Submit Manuscripts
Author Information
Subscribe/Renew
Order Reprints
Email Alerts
Feedback
RSS Feed
CME
 
 

Cardiosmart
Cardiosource
CVN
Imaging Library
JACC Imaging
JACC Interventions
 
 

About the Journal
Editorial Board & Staff
 
CME Topic Collections Past Issues Search Current Issue Home
     

J Am Coll Cardiol, 2008; 52:1949-1956, doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2008.08.050
© 2008 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation
This Article
Right arrow Figures Only
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in Web of Science
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Web of Science (32)
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Lee, J. H.
Right arrow Articles by Holick, M. F.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Lee, J. H.
Right arrow Articles by Holick, M. F.
Related Collections
Right arrowRelated Article

STATE-OF-THE-ART PAPER

Vitamin D Deficiency

An Important, Common, and Easily Treatable Cardiovascular Risk Factor?

John H. Lee, MD*, James H. O'Keefe, MD*,*, David Bell, MD{dagger}, Donald D. Hensrud, MD, MPH{ddagger} and Michael F. Holick, MD, PhD§

* Mid America Heart Institute and University of Missouri, Kansas City, Missouri
{dagger} Southside Endocrinology, Birmingham, Alabama
{ddagger} Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
§ Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts

Manuscript received June 4, 2008; revised manuscript received August 6, 2008, accepted August 13, 2008.

* Reprint requests and correspondence: Dr. James H. O'Keefe, 4330 Wornall Road, Suite 2000, Kansas City, Missouri 64111 (Email: jhokeefe{at}cc-pc.com).

Vitamin D deficiency is a highly prevalent condition, present in approximately 30% to 50% of the general population. A growing body of data suggests that low 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels may adversely affect cardiovascular health. Vitamin D deficiency activates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and can predispose to hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy. Additionally, vitamin D deficiency causes an increase in parathyroid hormone, which increases insulin resistance and is associated with diabetes, hypertension, inflammation, and increased cardiovascular risk. Epidemiologic studies have associated low 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels with coronary risk factors and adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Vitamin D supplementation is simple, safe, and inexpensive. Large randomized controlled trials are needed to firmly establish the relevance of vitamin D status to cardiovascular health. In the meanwhile, monitoring serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and correction of vitamin D deficiency is indicated for optimization of musculoskeletal and general health.

Key Words: vitamin D • 25-hydroxyvitamin D • calcium • coronary disease prevention • hypertension • diabetes

Abbreviations and Acronyms
  25(OH)D = 25-hydroxyvitamin D
  CV = cardiovascular
  MI = myocardial infarction
  PTH = parathyroid hormone
  UVB = ultraviolet B
  VDR = vitamin D receptor


Related Article

Inside This Issue of JACC
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2008 52: A32. [Full Text] [PDF]



This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 Eur J Heart FailHome page
I. Gotsman, A. Shauer, D. R. Zwas, Y. Hellman, A. Keren, C. Lotan, and D. Admon
Vitamin D deficiency is a predictor of reduced survival in patients with heart failure; vitamin D supplementation improves outcome
Eur J Heart Fail, February 3, 2012; (2012) hfr175v1.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Eur Heart JHome page
J. Dong, S. L. Wong, C. W. Lau, H. K. Lee, C. F. Ng, L. Zhang, X. Yao, Z. Y. Chen, P. M. Vanhoutte, and Y. Huang
Calcitriol protects renovascular function in hypertension by down-regulating angiotensin II type 1 receptors and reducing oxidative stress
Eur. Heart J., January 19, 2012; (2012) ehr459v1.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Eur Heart JHome page
S. Seiler, B. Cremers, N. M. Rebling, F. Hornof, J. Jeken, S. Kersting, C. Steimle, P. Ege, M. Fehrenz, K. S. Rogacev, et al.
The phosphatonin fibroblast growth factor 23 links calcium-phosphate metabolism with left-ventricular dysfunction and atrial fibrillation
Eur. Heart J., November 1, 2011; 32(21): 2688 - 2696.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J Am Coll CardiolHome page
C. J. Lavie, J. H. Lee, and R. V. Milani
Vitamin D and Cardiovascular Disease: Will It Live Up to its Hype?
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., October 4, 2011; 58(15): 1547 - 1556.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am J Clin PatholHome page
M. D. Krasowski
Pathology Consultation on Vitamin D Testing
Am J Clin Pathol, October 1, 2011; 136(4): 507 - 514.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
M. H. Murad, K. B. Elamin, N. O. Abu Elnour, M. B. Elamin, A. A. Alkatib, M. M. Fatourechi, J. P. Almandoz, R. J. Mullan, M. A. Lane, H. Liu, et al.
The Effect of Vitamin D on Falls: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., October 1, 2011; 96(10): 2997 - 3006.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 The Annals of PharmacotherapyHome page
R. B. Jacobsen, B. W. Hronek, G. A. Schmidt, and M. L. Schilling
Hypervitaminosis D Associated with a Vitamin D Dispensing Error
Ann. Pharmacother., October 1, 2011; 45(10): e52 - e52.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J Am Coll CardiolHome page
C. A. Camargo Jr
Vitamin D and Cardiovascular Disease: Time for Large Randomized Trials
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., September 27, 2011; 58(14): 1442 - 1444.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Ann OncolHome page
B. Bouvard, E. Hoppe, P. Soulie, M. Georgin-Mege, E. Jadaud, S. Abadie-Lacourtoisie, A. Petit Le Manac'h, A. Laffitte, R. Levasseur, M. Audran, et al.
High prevalence of vertebral fractures in women with breast cancer starting aromatase inhibitor therapy
Ann. Onc., September 7, 2011; (2011) mdr356v1.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
M. B. Elamin, N. O. Abu Elnour, K. B. Elamin, M. M. Fatourechi, A. A. Alkatib, J. P. Almandoz, H. Liu, M. A. Lane, R. J. Mullan, A. Hazem, et al.
Vitamin D and Cardiovascular Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., July 1, 2011; 96(7): 1931 - 1942.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Am. Coll. Nutr.Home page
J. C. Temmerman
Vitamin D and Cardiovascular Disease
J. Am. Coll. Nutr., June 1, 2011; 30(3): 167 - 170.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Eur J Heart FailHome page
L. C. Y. Liu, A. A. Voors, D. J. van Veldhuisen, E. van der Veer, A. M. Belonje, M. K. Szymanski, H. H. W. Sillje, W. H. van Gilst, T. Jaarsma, and R. A. de Boer
Vitamin D status and outcomes in heart failure patients
Eur J Heart Fail, June 1, 2011; 13(6): 619 - 625.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
Y.-F. Yiu, Y.-H. Chan, K.-H. Yiu, C.-W. Siu, S.-W. Li, L.-Y. Wong, S. W. L. Lee, S. Tam, E. W. K. Wong, B. M. Y. Cheung, et al.
Vitamin D Deficiency Is Associated with Depletion of Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cells and Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., May 1, 2011; 96(5): E830 - E835.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Nephrol Dial TransplantHome page
S. U. Nigwekar, I. Bhan, and R. Thadhani
Nutritional vitamin D in dialysis patients: what to D-iscern?
Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., March 1, 2011; 26(3): 764 - 766.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Eur Respir JHome page
K. M. Kunisaki, D. E. Niewoehner, R. J. Singh, and J. E. Connett
Vitamin D status and longitudinal lung function decline in the Lung Health Study
Eur. Respir. J., February 1, 2011; 37(2): 238 - 243.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio.Home page
M. Takeda, T. Yamashita, N. Sasaki, K. Nakajima, T. Kita, M. Shinohara, T. Ishida, and K.-i. Hirata
Oral Administration of an Active Form of Vitamin D3 (Calcitriol) Decreases Atherosclerosis in Mice by Inducing Regulatory T Cells and Immature Dendritic Cells With Tolerogenic Functions
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, December 1, 2010; 30(12): 2495 - 2503.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am J Clin NutrHome page
K. Michaelsson, J. A. Baron, G. Snellman, R. Gedeborg, L. Byberg, J. Sundstrom, L. Berglund, J. Arnlov, P. Hellman, R. Blomhoff, et al.
Plasma vitamin D and mortality in older men: a community-based prospective cohort study
Am J Clin Nutr, October 1, 2010; 92(4): 841 - 848.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 LupusHome page
J. Paupitz, J. Freire de Carvalho, V. Caparbo, K. Klack, and R. Pereira
Primary antiphospholipid syndrome in premenopausal women: low vitamin D, high fat mass and maintained bone mineral mass
Lupus, October 1, 2010; 19(11): 1302 - 1306.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.Home page
M. S. K. Wong, R. Delansorne, R. Y. K. Man, P. Svenningsen, and P. M. Vanhoutte
Chronic treatment with vitamin D lowers arterial blood pressure and reduces endothelium-dependent contractions in the aorta of the spontaneously hypertensive rat
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, October 1, 2010; 299(4): H1226 - H1234.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Eur Heart JHome page
S. Pilz, A. Tomaschitz, C. Drechsler, E. Ritz, B. O. Boehm, T. B. Grammer, and W. Marz
Parathyroid hormone level is associated with mortality and cardiovascular events in patients undergoing coronary angiography
Eur. Heart J., July 1, 2010; 31(13): 1591 - 1598.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
M. D. Walker, J. B. Fleischer, M. R. Di Tullio, S. Homma, T. Rundek, E. M. Stein, C. Zhang, T. Taggart, D. J. McMahon, and S. J. Silverberg
Cardiac Structure and Diastolic Function in Mild Primary Hyperparathyroidism
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., May 1, 2010; 95(5): 2172 - 2179.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Eur J EndocrinolHome page
L. van Groningen, S. Opdenoordt, A. van Sorge, D. Telting, A. Giesen, and H. de Boer
Cholecalciferol loading dose guideline for vitamin D-deficient adults
Eur. J. Endocrinol., April 1, 2010; 162(4): 805 - 811.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
B. I. Freedman, L. E. Wagenknecht, K. G. Hairston, D. W. Bowden, J. J. Carr, R. C. Hightower, E. J. Gordon, J. Xu, C. D. Langefeld, and J. Divers
Vitamin D, Adiposity, and Calcified Atherosclerotic Plaque in African-Americans
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., March 1, 2010; 95(3): 1076 - 1083.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Reproductive SciencesHome page
O. Gezmish, M. Tare, H. C. Parkington, R. Morley, E. R. Porrello, K. J. Bubb, and M. J. Black
Maternal Vitamin D Deficiency Leads to Cardiac Hypertrophy in Rat Offspring
Reproductive Sciences, February 1, 2010; 17(2): 168 - 176.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 Ann Fam MedHome page
K. Fiscella and P. Franks
Vitamin D, Race, and Cardiovascular Mortality: Findings From a National US Sample
Ann. Fam. Med, January 1, 2010; 8(1): 11 - 18.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Hum Mol GenetHome page
S. Vikman, R. M. Brena, P. Armstrong, J. Hartiala, C. B. Stephensen, and H. Allayee
Functional analysis of 5-lipoxygenase promoter repeat variants
Hum. Mol. Genet., December 1, 2009; 18(23): 4521 - 4529.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JAMAHome page
A. A. Mattson-DiCecca, E. E. Reynolds, and J. R. Cummings
Update: A 55-Year-Old Woman With Osteopenia
JAMA, November 11, 2009; 302(18): 2023 - 2024.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF LIFESTYLE MEDICINEHome page
T. L. Lenz
Vitamin D Supplementation and Cancer Prevention
American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine, September 1, 2009; 3(5): 365 - 368.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 Anticancer ResHome page
W. B. GRANT and B. J. BOUCHER
Current Impediments to Acceptance of the Ultraviolet-B-Vitamin D-Cancer Hypothesis
Anticancer Res, September 1, 2009; 29(9): 3597 - 3604.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mayo Clin Proc.Home page
J. H. O'Keefe, M. D. Carter, and C. J. Lavie
Primary and Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases: A Practical Evidence-Based Approach
Mayo Clin. Proc., August 1, 2009; 84(8): 741 - 757.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JAMAHome page
R. Scragg, R. Thadhani, and C. A. Camargo Jr
Association Between Altitude and Mortality in Incident Dialysis Patients
JAMA, June 17, 2009; 301(23): 2442 - 2443.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 ANN INTERN MEDHome page
D. J. Becker, R. Y. Gordon, S. C. Halbert, B. French, P. B. Morris, and D. J. Rader
Red Yeast Rice for Dyslipidemia in Statin-Intolerant Patients: A Randomized Trial
Ann Intern Med, June 16, 2009; 150(12): 830 - 839.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J Am Coll CardiolHome page
S. Pilz and A. Tomaschitz
Vitamin D Deficiency and Myocardial Dysfunction
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., May 26, 2009; 53(21): 2011 - 2011.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J Am Coll CardiolHome page
J. H. O'Keefe, J. H. Lee, D. S.H. Bell, and M. F. Holick
Reply
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., May 26, 2009; 53(21): 2012 - 2013.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J Am Coll CardiolHome page
D. Mozaffarian
Vitamin D, Outdoor Happiness, and the Meaning of Deficiency
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., May 26, 2009; 53(21): 2011 - 2012.
[Full Text] [PDF]


 
  CME Topic Collections Past Issues Search Current Issue Home

Advertisement