Changes in collateral channel filling immediately after controlled coronary artery occlusion by an angioplasty balloon in human subjects

Transluminal coronary angioplasty can serve as a model for controlled coronary artery occlusion and reperfusion which enables assessment of short-term changes in collateral vessel filling in patients with severe atherosclerotic coronary artery disease. In 16 patients with isolated left anterior descending or right coronary artery disease (greater than or equal to 75% stenosis) and normal left ventricular function, collateral filling to the artery being dilated was visualized by contrast injection into the contralateral artery using a second arterial catheter. During balloon inflation, contralateral dye injection was performed as soon as the patient developed angina or ST-T changes or at 90 seconds in those patients without symptoms or signs of ischemia. Grades of collateral filling from the contralateral vessel were: 0 = none; 1 = filling of side branches of the artery to be dilated via collateral channels without visualization of the epicardial segment; 2 = partial filling of the epicardial segment via collateral channels; 3 = complete filling of the epicardial segment of the artery being dilated via collateral channels. At baseline angiography, nine patients had grade 0 collateral filling, seven had grade 1 and none had grade 2 or 3. During coronary occlusion by balloon inflation, collateral filling improved by one grade in eight patients, two grades in five patients, three grades in two patients and remained the same in one patient.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

This article has been cited by other articles:

				M. Francone, C. Bucciarelli-Ducci, I. Carbone, E. Canali, R. Scardala, F. A. Calabrese, G. Sardella, M. Mancone, C. Catalano, F. Fedele, et al. Impact of Primary Coronary Angioplasty Delay on Myocardial Salvage, Infarct Size, and Microvascular Damage in Patients With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Insight From Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., December 1, 2009; 54(23): 2145 - 2153. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Kimura, O. Katoh, E. Tsuchikane, K. Nasu, Y. Kinoshita, M. Ehara, M. Terashima, H. Matsuo, T. Matsubara, K. Asakura, et al. The Efficacy of a Bilateral Approach for Treating Lesions With Chronic Total Occlusions: The CART (Controlled Antegrade and Retrograde subintimal Tracking) Registry J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. Intv., November 1, 2009; 2(11): 1135 - 1141. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Tsujita, A. Maehara, G. S. Mintz, T. Kubo, H. Doi, A. J. Lansky, G. W. Stone, J. W. Moses, M. B. Leon, and M. Ochiai Intravascular Ultrasound Comparison of the Retrograde Versus Antegrade Approach to Percutaneous Intervention for Chronic Total Coronary Occlusions J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. Intv., September 1, 2009; 2(9): 846 - 854. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. P. O'Regan, R. Ahmed, C. Neuwirth, Y. Tan, G. Durighel, J. V. Hajnal, I. Nadra, S. J. Corbett, and S. A. Cook Cardiac MRI of myocardial salvage at the peri-infarct border zones after primary coronary intervention Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, July 1, 2009; 297(1): H340 - H346. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Tanaka, T. Imanishi, H. Kitabata, T. Kubo, S. Takarada, T. Tanimoto, A. Kuroi, H. Tsujioka, H. Ikejima, K. Komukai, et al. Lipid-rich plaque and myocardial perfusion after successful stenting in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome: an optical coherence tomography study Eur. Heart J., June 1, 2009; 30(11): 1348 - 1355. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. P. Hoole, P. M. Heck, L. Sharples, S. N. Khan, R. Duehmke, C. G. Densem, S. C. Clarke, L. M. Shapiro, P. M. Schofield, M. O'Sullivan, et al. Cardiac Remote Ischemic Preconditioning in Coronary Stenting (CRISP Stent) Study: A Prospective, Randomized Control Trial Circulation, February 17, 2009; 119(6): 820 - 827. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. R. Sodha, R. T. Clements, M. Boodhwani, S.-H. Xu, R. J. Laham, C. Bianchi, and F. W. Sellke Endostatin and angiostatin are increased in diabetic patients with coronary artery disease and associated with impaired coronary collateral formation Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, February 1, 2009; 296(2): H428 - H434. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. W. Fossum, B. Olszewska-Pazdrak, M. M. Mertens, L. A. Makarski, M. W. Miller, T. W. Hein, L. Kuo, F. Clubb, G. M. Fuller, and D. H. Carney TP508 (Chrysalin(R)) Reverses Endothelial Dysfunction and Increases Perfusion and Myocardial Function in Hearts With Chronic Ischemia Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, September 1, 2008; 13(3): 214 - 225. [Abstract] [PDF]

				H. Aslan, O. Turgut, K. Yalta, M. B. Yilmaz, R. Ozdemir, N. Ermis, A. T. Sezgin, E. Yetkin, I. Tandogan, and A. Yilmaz Coronary Collateral Circulation: Any Effect on P-Wave Dispersion? Angiology, August 1, 2008; 59(4): 448 - 453. [Abstract] [PDF]

				G. Niccoli, S. Giubilato, E. Russo, C. Spaziani, A. Leo, I. Porto, A. M. Leone, F. Burzotta, S. Riondino, F. Pulcinelli, et al. Plasma levels of thromboxane A2 on admission are associated with no-reflow after primary percutaneous coronary intervention Eur. Heart J., August 1, 2008; 29(15): 1843 - 1850. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Piot, P. Croisille, P. Staat, H. Thibault, G. Rioufol, N. Mewton, R. Elbelghiti, T. T. Cung, E. Bonnefoy, D. Angoulvant, et al. Effect of Cyclosporine on Reperfusion Injury in Acute Myocardial Infarction N. Engl. J. Med., July 31, 2008; 359(5): 473 - 481. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. J. Brener, D. J. Moliterno, P. E. Aylward, A. W.J. van't Hof, W. Ruzyllo, W. W. O'Neill, C. W. Hamm, C. M. Westerhout, C. B. Granger, P. W. Armstrong, et al. Reperfusion after primary angioplasty for ST-elevation myocardial infarction: predictors of success and relationship to clinical outcomes in the APEX-AMI Angiographic Study Eur. Heart J., May 1, 2008; 29(9): 1127 - 1135. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. Thibault, C. Piot, P. Staat, L. Bontemps, C. Sportouch, G. Rioufol, T. T. Cung, E. Bonnefoy, D. Angoulvant, J.-F. Aupetit, et al. Long-Term Benefit of Postconditioning Circulation, February 26, 2008; 117(8): 1037 - 1044. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Sato, M. Hiroe, T. Nozato, H. Hikita, Y. Ito, H. Ohigashi, M. Tamura, A. Takahashi, M. Isobe, and K. Aonuma Early validation study of 64-slice multidetector computed tomography for the assessment of myocardial viability and the prediction of left ventricular remodelling after acute myocardial infarction Eur. Heart J., February 2, 2008; 29(4): 490 - 498. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Caputo, R. R. Anis, C. A. Rogers, N. Ahmad, S. I.A. Rizvi, A. Baumbach, K. R. Karsch, G. D. Angelini, and M. Oberhoff Coronary Collateral Circulation: Effect on Early and Midterm Outcomes After Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery Ann. Thorac. Surg., January 1, 2008; 85(1): 71 - 79. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Tanaka, K. Shimada, M. Namba, T. Sakamoto, Y. Nakamura, Y. Nishida, J. Yoshikawa, and T. Akasaka Relationship between longitudinal morphology of ruptured plaques and TIMI flow grade in acute coronary syndrome: a three-dimensional intravascular ultrasound imaging study Eur. Heart J., January 1, 2008; 29(1): 38 - 44. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Celik, S. Kaplan, R. Yilmaz, T. Erdogan, and A. Kiris Relationship Between Aortic Stiffness and the Development of Coronary Collateral in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease Angiology, January 1, 2008; 58(6): 671 - 676. [Abstract] [PDF]

				P. Meier, S. Gloekler, R. Zbinden, S. Beckh, S. F. de Marchi, S. Zbinden, K. Wustmann, M. Billinger, R. Vogel, S. Cook, et al. Beneficial Effect of Recruitable Collaterals: A 10-Year Follow-Up Study in Patients With Stable Coronary Artery Disease Undergoing Quantitative Collateral Measurements Circulation, August 28, 2007; 116(9): 975 - 983. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. Ndrepepa, J. Mehilli, S. Martinoff, M. Schwaiger, A. Schomig, and A. Kastrati Evolution of Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction and its Relationship to Infarct Size After Acute Myocardial Infarction J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., July 10, 2007; 50(2): 149 - 156. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. Sorajja, B. J. Gersh, D. A. Cox, M. G. McLaughlin, P. Zimetbaum, C. Costantini, T. Stuckey, J. E. Tcheng, R. Mehran, A. J. Lansky, et al. Impact of multivessel disease on reperfusion success and clinical outcomes in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention for acute myocardial infarction Eur. Heart J., July 2, 2007; 28(14): 1709 - 1716. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. T. Ortiz-Perez, S. N. Meyers, D. C. Lee, P. Kansal, F. J. Klocke, T. A. Holly, C. J. Davidson, R. O. Bonow, and E. Wu Angiographic estimates of myocardium at risk during acute myocardial infarction: validation study using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging Eur. Heart J., July 2, 2007; 28(14): 1750 - 1758. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. S Werner Collaterals: how important are they? Heart, July 1, 2007; 93(7): 778 - 779. [Full Text] [PDF]

				O M Muehling, A Huber, C Cyran, S O Schoenberg, M Reiser, G Steinbeck, M Nabauer, and M Jerosch-Herold The delay of contrast arrival in magnetic resonance first-pass perfusion imaging: a novel non-invasive parameter detecting collateral-dependent myocardium Heart, July 1, 2007; 93(7): 842 - 847. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Berry, K. P. Balachandran, P. L. L'Allier, J. Lesperance, R. Bonan, and K. G. Oldroyd Importance of collateral circulation in coronary heart disease Eur. Heart J., February 1, 2007; 28(3): 278 - 291. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J.-P. Verhoye, I. Abouliatim, A. Drochon, B. de Latour, C. Leclercq, A. Leguerrier, and H. Corbineau Collateral blood flow between left coronary artery bypass grafts and chronically occluded right coronary circulation in patients with triple vessel disease.: Observations during complete revascularisation of beating hearts Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg., January 1, 2007; 31(1): 49 - 54. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y. Takami and H. Masumoto Angiographic Fate of Collateral Vessels After Surgical Revascularization of the Totally Occluded Left Anterior Descending Artery Ann. Thorac. Surg., January 1, 2007; 83(1): 120 - 125. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				V. Dzavik, C. E. Buller, G. A. Lamas, J. M. Rankin, G.B. J. Mancini, W. J. Cantor, R. J. Carere, J. R. Ross, D. Atchison, S. Forman, et al. Randomized Trial of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Subacute Infarct-Related Coronary Artery Occlusion to Achieve Long-Term Patency and Improve Ventricular Function: The Total Occlusion Study of Canada (TOSCA)-2 Trial Circulation, December 5, 2006; 114(23): 2449 - 2457. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. S. Werner, R. Surber, M. Ferrari, M. Fritzenwanger, and H. R. Figulla The functional reserve of collaterals supplying long-term chronic total coronary occlusions in patients without prior myocardial infarction Eur. Heart J., October 2, 2006; 27(20): 2406 - 2412. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. Knaapen, L. J. Klein, R. Nijveldt, T. Germans, A. C. van Rossum, and C. C. de Cock Coronary Collaterals in Full Effect Circulation, September 19, 2006; 114(12): e501 - e502. [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. Niccoli, G. A. Lanza, S. Shaw, E. Romagnoli, D. Gioia, F. Burzotta, C. Trani, M. A. Mazzari, R. Mongiardo, M. De Vita, et al. Endothelin-1 and acute myocardial infarction: a no-reflow mediator after successful percutaneous myocardial revascularization Eur. Heart J., August 1, 2006; 27(15): 1793 - 1798. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. R. Chade, X. Zhu, O. P. Mushin, C. Napoli, A. Lerman, and L. O. Lerman Simvastatin promotes angiogenesis and prevents microvascular remodeling in chronic renal ischemia FASEB J, August 1, 2006; 20(10): 1706 - 1708. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. S. Werner, M. Fritzenwanger, D. Prochnau, G. Schwarz, M. Ferrari, W. Aarnoudse, N. H.J. Pijls, and H. R. Figulla Determinants of Coronary Steal in Chronic Total Coronary Occlusions: Donor Artery, Collateral, and Microvascular Resistance J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., July 4, 2006; 48(1): 51 - 58. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Zimarino, A. Ausiello, G. Contegiacomo, I. Riccardi, G. Renda, C. Di Iorio, and R. De Caterina Rapid Decline of Collateral Circulation Increases Susceptibility to Myocardial Ischemia: The Trade-Off of Successful Percutaneous Recanalization of Chronic Total Occlusions J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., July 4, 2006; 48(1): 59 - 65. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Rieber, A. Huber, I. Erhard, S. Mueller, M. Schweyer, A. Koenig, T. M. Schiele, K. Theisen, U. Siebert, S. O. Schoenberg, et al. Cardiac magnetic resonance perfusion imaging for the functional assessment of coronary artery disease: a comparison with coronary angiography and fractional flow reserve Eur. Heart J., June 2, 2006; 27(12): 1465 - 1471. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Baks, R.-J. van Geuns, D. J. Duncker, F. Cademartiri, N. R. Mollet, G. P. Krestin, P. W. Serruys, and P. J. de Feyter Prediction of Left Ventricular Function After Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation for Chronic Total Coronary Occlusions J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., February 21, 2006; 47(4): 721 - 725. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. J. Terkelsen, B. L. Norgaard, J. F. Lassen, S. H. Poulsen, J. C. Gerdes, E. Sloth, L. B.-H. Gotzsche, F. K. Romer, L. Thuesen, T. T. Nielsen, et al. Potential significance of spontaneous and interventional ST-changes in patients transferred for primary percutaneous coronary intervention: observations from the ST-MONitoring in Acute Myocardial Infarction study (The MONAMI study) Eur. Heart J., February 1, 2006; 27(3): 267 - 275. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. Topsakal, N. K. Eryol, A. Abaci, S. Oymak, I. Ozdogru, Y. Yilmaz, E. Seyfeli, A. Oguzhan, and A. Ergin The Relation Between Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Coronary Collateral Vessels Angiology, November 1, 2005; 56(6): 651 - 656. [Abstract] [PDF]

				E. Tatli, M. Yildiz, C. Gul, A. Birsin, E. Karahasanoglu, F. Ozcelik, and G. Ozbay Effect of Obesity on Coronary Collateral Vessel Development in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease Angiology, November 1, 2005; 56(6): 657 - 661. [Abstract] [PDF]

				G. Ndrepepa, A. Kastrati, M. Schwaiger, J. Mehilli, C. Markwardt, A. Dibra, J. Dirschinger, and A. Schomig Relationship Between Residual Blood Flow in the Infarct-Related Artery and Scintigraphic Infarct Size, Myocardial Salvage, and Functional Recovery in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction J. Nucl. Med., November 1, 2005; 46(11): 1782 - 1788. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. Staat, G. Rioufol, C. Piot, Y. Cottin, T. T. Cung, I. L'Huillier, J.-F. Aupetit, E. Bonnefoy, G. Finet, X. Andre-Fouet, et al. Postconditioning the Human Heart Circulation, October 4, 2005; 112(14): 2143 - 2148. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Kosuge, K. Kimura, T. Ishikawa, T. Ebina, K. Hibi, N. Toda, and S. Umemura ST-Segment Depression in Lead aVR: A Useful Predictor of Impaired Myocardial Reperfusion in Patients With Inferior Acute Myocardial Infarction Chest, August 1, 2005; 128(2): 780 - 786. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. R. Resar, A. Roguin, J. Voner, K. Nasir, T. A. Hennebry, J. M. Miller, R. Ingersoll, L. M. Kasch, and G. L. Semenza Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1{alpha} Polymorphism and Coronary Collaterals in Patients With Ischemic Heart Disease Chest, August 1, 2005; 128(2): 787 - 791. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Sugiura, S. Nakamura, Y. Kudo, T. Okumiya, F. Yamasaki, and T. Iwasaka Clinical Factors Associated With Persistent Pericardial Effusion After Successful Primary Coronary Angioplasty Chest, August 1, 2005; 128(2): 798 - 803. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Heinl-Green, P. W. Radke, F. M. Munkonge, O. Frass, J. Zhu, K. Vincent, D. M. Geddes, and E. W.F.W. Alton The efficacy of a 'master switch gene' HIF-1{alpha} in a porcine model of chronic myocardial ischaemia Eur. Heart J., July 1, 2005; 26(13): 1327 - 1332. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Schomig, J. Mehilli, D. Antoniucci, G. Ndrepepa, C. Markwardt, F. Di Pede, S. G. Nekolla, K. Schlotterbeck, H. Schuhlen, J. Pache, et al. Mechanical Reperfusion in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction Presenting More Than 12 Hours From Symptom Onset: A Randomized Controlled Trial JAMA, June 15, 2005; 293(23): 2865 - 2872. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Tanaka, K. Shimada, T. Sano, M. Namba, T. Sakamoto, Y. Nishida, T. Kawarabayashi, D. Fukuda, and J. Yoshikawa Multiple Plaque Rupture and C-Reactive Protein in Acute Myocardial Infarction J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., May 17, 2005; 45(10): 1594 - 1599. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				I. Iglesias-Garriz, F. Fernandez-Vazquez, A. Perez, J. Jimenez-Bonilla, C. Garrote, P. Uriarte, and C. DelaFuente Preinfarction Angina Limits Myocardial Infarction Size in Nondiabetic Patients Treated With Primary Coronary Angioplasty Chest, April 1, 2005; 127(4): 1116 - 1121. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Mehilli, G. Ndrepepa, A. Kastrati, S. G. Nekolla, C. Markwardt, H. Bollwein, J. Pache, S. Martinoff, J. Dirschinger, M. Schwaiger, et al. Gender and myocardial salvage after reperfusion treatment in acute myocardial infarction J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., March 15, 2005; 45(6): 828 - 831. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. K. Olijhoek, J. Koerselman, P. P.Th. de Jaegere, M. C. Verhaar, D. E. Grobbee, Y. van der Graaf, F. L.J. Visseren, and for the SMART Study Group Presence of the Metabolic Syndrome Does Not Impair Coronary Collateral Vessel Formation in Patients With Documented Coronary Artery Disease Diabetes Care, March 1, 2005; 28(3): 683 - 689. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J.-P. Verhoye, B. d. Latour, A. Drochon, and H. Corbineau Collateral flow reserve and right coronary occlusion: evaluation during off-pump revascularization Interactive CardioVascular and Thoracic Surgery, February 1, 2005; 4(1): 23 - 26. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y Ohara, Y Hiasa, T Takahashi, K Yamaguchi, R Ogura, T Ogata, K Yuba, K Kusunoki, S Hosokawa, K Kishi, et al. Relation between the TIMI frame count and the degree of microvascular injury after primary coronary angioplasty in patients with acute anterior myocardial infarction Heart, January 1, 2005; 91(1): 64 - 67. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. P. Furber, F. Prunier, H. C. P. Nguyen, S. Boulet, S. Delepine, and P. Geslin Coronary Blood Flow Assessment After Successful Angioplasty for Acute Myocardial Infarction Predicts the Risk of Long-Term Cardiac Events Circulation, December 7, 2004; 110(23): 3527 - 3533. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Schomig, G. Ndrepepa, J. Mehilli, J. Dirschinger, S. G. Nekolla, C. Schmitt, S. Martinoff, M. Seyfarth, M. Schwaiger, A. Kastrati, et al. A randomized trial of coronary stenting versus balloon angioplasty as a rescue intervention after failed thrombolysis in patients with acute myocardial infarction J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., November 16, 2004; 44(10): 2073 - 2079. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Nishida, H. Shimokawa, K. Oi, H. Tatewaki, T. Uwatoku, K. Abe, Y. Matsumoto, N. Kajihara, M. Eto, T. Matsuda, et al. Extracorporeal Cardiac Shock Wave Therapy Markedly Ameliorates Ischemia-Induced Myocardial Dysfunction in Pigs in Vivo Circulation, November 9, 2004; 110(19): 3055 - 3061. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. Voci, F. Pizzuto, and F. Romeo Coronary flow: a new asset for the echo lab? Eur. Heart J., November 1, 2004; 25(21): 1867 - 1879. [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. S. Werner, E. Jandt, A. Krack, G. Schwarz, O. Mutschke, F. Kuethe, M. Ferrari, and H. R. Figulla Growth Factors in the Collateral Circulation of Chronic Total Coronary Occlusions: Relation to Duration of Occlusion and Collateral Function Circulation, October 5, 2004; 110(14): 1940 - 1945. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. M. Nathoe, E. Buskens, E. W.L. Jansen, W. J.L. Suyker, P. R. Stella, J. R. Lahpor, W.-J. van Boven, D. van Dijk, J. C. Diephuis, C. Borst, et al. Role of Coronary Collaterals in Off-Pump and On-Pump Coronary Bypass Surgery Circulation, September 28, 2004; 110(13): 1738 - 1742. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Kawamoto, T. Murayama, K. Kusano, M. Ii, T. Tkebuchava, S. Shintani, A. Iwakura, I. Johnson, P. von Samson, A. Hanley, et al. Synergistic Effect of Bone Marrow Mobilization and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-2 Gene Therapy in Myocardial Ischemia Circulation, September 14, 2004; 110(11): 1398 - 1405. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Iwakura, H. Ito, S. Kawano, A. Okamura, K. Tanaka, Y. Nishida, Y. Maekawa, and K. Fujii Assessing myocardial perfusion with the transthoracic Doppler technique in patients with reperfused anterior myocardial infarction: comparison with angiographic, enzymatic and electrocardiographic indices Eur. Heart J., September 1, 2004; 25(17): 1526 - 1533. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. Sato, H. Iida, A. Tanaka, H. Tanaka, S. Shimodouzono, E. Uchida, T. Kawarabayashi, and J. Yoshikawa The decrease of plaque volume during percutaneous coronary intervention has a negative impact on coronary flow in acute myocardial infarction: A major role of percutaneous coronary intervention-induced embolization J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., July 21, 2004; 44(2): 300 - 304. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Kurotobi, H. Sato, K. Kinjo, D. Nakatani, H. Mizuno, M. Shimizu, K. Imai, A. Hirayama, K. Kodama, M. Hori, et al. Reduced collateral circulation to the infarct-related artery in elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., July 7, 2004; 44(1): 28 - 34. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Zimarino, S. Gallina, M. Di Fulvio, M. Di Mauro, G. Di Giammarco, R. De Caterina, and A. M. Calafiore Intraoperative ischemia and long-term events after minimally invasive coronary surgery Ann. Thorac. Surg., July 1, 2004; 78(1): 135 - 141. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				F. Aboul-Enein, S. Kar, S. W. Hayes, M. Sciammarella, A. Abidov, R. Makkar, J. D. Friedman, N. Eigler, and D. S. Berman Influence of Angiographic Collateral Circulation on Myocardial Perfusion in Patients with Chronic Total Occlusion of a Single Coronary Artery and No Prior Myocardial Infarction J. Nucl. Med., June 1, 2004; 45(6): 950 - 955. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P Elsman, A.W.J van `t Hof, M.J de Boer, J.C.A Hoorntje, H Suryapranata, J.H.E Dambrink, F Zijlstra, and on behalf of the Zwolle Myocardial Infarction Stud Role of collateral circulation in the acute phase of ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction treated with primary coronary intervention Eur. Heart J., May 2, 2004; 25(10): 854 - 858. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. Carr-White, T. Koh, A. DeSouza, E. Haxby, M. Kemp, J. Hooper, D. Gibson, and J. Pepper Chronic stable ischaemia protects against myocyte damage during beating heart coronary surgery Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg., May 1, 2004; 25(5): 772 - 778. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				V. R. Panchal, J. Rehman, A. T. Nguyen, J. W. Brown, M. W. Turrentine, Y. Mahomed, and K. L. March Reduced pericardial levels of endostatin correlate with collateral development in patients with ischemic heart disease J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., April 21, 2004; 43(8): 1383 - 1387. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. van Royen, M. Voskuil, I. Hoefer, M. Jost, S. de Graaf, F. Hedwig, J.-P. Andert, T.A.M. Wormhoudt, J. Hua, S. Hartmann, et al. CD44 Regulates Arteriogenesis in Mice and Is Differentially Expressed in Patients With Poor and Good Collateralization Circulation, April 6, 2004; 109(13): 1647 - 1652. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Billinger, L. Raeber, C. Seiler, S. Windecker, B. Meier, and O. M. Hess Coronary collateral perfusion in patients with coronary artery disease: effect of metoprolol Eur. Heart J., April 1, 2004; 25(7): 565 - 570. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M Sezer, Y Nisanci, B Umman, E Yilmaz, A Olcay, F Erzengin, and O Ozsaruhan New support for clarifying the relation between ST segment resolution and microvascular function: degree of ST segment resolution correlates with the pressure derived collateral flow index Heart, February 1, 2004; 90(2): 146 - 150. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N Ikeda, T Yasu, N Kubo, S Hashimoto, Y Tsuruya, M Fujii, M Kawakami, and M Saito Nicorandil versus isosorbide dinitrate as adjunctive treatment to direct balloon angioplasty in acute myocardial infarction Heart, February 1, 2004; 90(2): 181 - 185. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. T. Sieswerda, L. J Klein, O. Kamp, E. A Aiazian, W. Lepper, F. C Visser, P. Hanrath, and C. A Visser Quantitative evaluation of myocardial perfusion in patients with revascularized myocardial infarction: comparison between intravenous myocardial contrast echocardiography and 99mTc-sestamibi single photon emission computed tomography Eur J Echocardiogr, January 1, 2004; 5(1): 41 - 50. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. Antoniucci, A. Rodriguez, A. Hempel, R. Valenti, A. Migliorini, F. Vigo, G. Parodi, C. Fernandez-Pereira, G. Moschi, A. Bartorelli, et al. A randomized trial comparing primary infarct artery stenting with or without abciximab in acute myocardial infarction J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., December 3, 2003; 42(11): 1879 - 1885. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Lee, Y. Otsuji, S. Minagoe, S. Hamasaki, K. Toyonaga, M. Negishi, M. Tsurugida, H. Toda, and C. Tei Noninvasive Evaluation of Coronary Reperfusion by Transthoracic Doppler Echocardiography in Patients With Anterior Acute Myocardial Infarction Before Coronary Intervention Circulation, December 2, 2003; 108(22): 2763 - 2768. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Seiler The human coronary collateral circulation Heart, November 1, 2003; 89(11): 1352 - 1357. [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. H. Kown, T. Suzuki, M. L. Koransky, K. Penta, G. Sakamoto, C. L. Jahncke, A. J. Carter, T. Quertermous, and R. C. Robbins Comparison of developmental endothelial locus-1 angiogenic factor with vascular endothelial growth factor in a porcine model of cardiac ischemia Ann. Thorac. Surg., October 1, 2003; 76(4): 1246 - 1251. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T Hozumi, Y Kanzaki, Y Ueda, A Yamamuro, T Takagi, T Akasaka, S Homma, K Yoshida, and J Yoshikawa Coronary flow velocity analysis during short term follow up after coronary reperfusion: use of transthoracic Doppler echocardiography to predict regional wall motion recovery in patients with acute myocardial infarction Heart, October 1, 2003; 89(10): 1163 - 1168. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Sano, A. Tanaka, M. Namba, Y. Nishibori, Y. Nishida, T. Kawarabayashi, D. Fukuda, K. Shimada, and J. Yoshikawa C-Reactive Protein and Lesion Morphology in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction Circulation, July 22, 2003; 108(3): 282 - 285. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. S. Werner, P. Bahrmann, O. Mutschke, U. Emig, S. Betge, M. Ferrari, and H. R. Figulla Determinants of target vessel failure in chronic total coronary occlusions after stent implantation: The influence of collateral function and coronary hemodynamics J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., July 16, 2003; 42(2): 219 - 225. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. Tikiz, U. Tezcan, M. Ileri, Y. Balbay, R. Atak, and E. Kutuk Diabetes Mellitus Adversely Affects the Outcomes of Thrombolytic Therapy in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction Angiology, July 1, 2003; 54(4): 449 - 456. [Abstract] [PDF]

				K. Iwakura, H. Ito, S. Kawano, A. Okamura, K. Asano, T. Kuroda, K. Tanaka, T. Masuyama, M. Hori, and K. Fujii Detection of TIMI-3 Flow Before Mechanical Reperfusion With Ultrasonic Tissue Characterization in Patients With Anterior Wall Acute Myocardial Infarction Circulation, July 1, 2003; 107(25): 3159 - 3164. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. J. Feldman, P. Coste, A. Furber, P. Dupouy, M. S. Slama, J.-P. Monassier, C. Tron, A. Lafont, M. Faraggi, D. Le Guludec, et al. Incomplete Resolution of ST-Segment Elevation Is a Marker of Transient Microcirculatory Dysfunction After Stenting for Acute Myocardial Infarction Circulation, June 3, 2003; 107(21): 2684 - 2689. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. S. Werner, B. M. Richartz, S. Heinke, M. Ferrari, and H. R. Figulla Impaired acute collateral recruitment as a possible mechanism for increased cardiac adverse events in patients with diabetes mellitus Eur. Heart J., June 2, 2003; 24(12): 1134 - 1142. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Koerselman, Y. van der Graaf, P. P.Th. de Jaegere, and D. E. Grobbee Coronary Collaterals: An Important and Underexposed Aspect of Coronary Artery Disease Circulation, May 20, 2003; 107(19): 2507 - 2511. [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. J. Lenihan, A. Osman, V. Sriram, J. Aitsebaomo, and C. Patterson Evidence for association of coronary sinus levels of hepatocyte growth factor and collateralization in human coronary disease Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, May 1, 2003; 284(5): H1507 - H1512. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. S. Werner, M. Ferrari, S. Heinke, F. Kuethe, R. Surber, B. M. Richartz, and H. R. Figulla Angiographic Assessment of Collateral Connections in Comparison With Invasively Determined Collateral Function in Chronic Coronary Occlusions Circulation, April 22, 2003; 107(15): 1972 - 1977. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y Nohtomi, M Takeuchi, K Nagasawa, K Arimura, K Miyata, K Kuwata, T Yamawaki, S Kondo, A Yamada, and S Okamatsu Persistence of systolic coronary flow reversal predicts irreversible dysfunction after reperfused anterior myocardial infarction Heart, April 1, 2003; 89(4): 382 - 388. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]