STATE-OF-THE-ART PAPER
Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Cardiovascular Disorders
Eduard Shantsila, MD1,
Timothy Watson, MRCP and
Gregory Y.H. Lip, MD, FRCP*
Haemostasis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology Unit, University Department of Medicine, City Hospital, Birmingham, England.
Manuscript received August 23, 2006;
revised manuscript received September 27, 2006,
accepted November 28, 2006.
* Reprint requests and correspondence: Prof. Gregory Y. H. Lip, University Department of Medicine, City Hospital, Birmingham B18 7QH, England. (Email: g.y.h.lip{at}bham.ac.uk).
The important role of the vascular endothelium in cardiovascular health is increasingly recognized. However, mature endothelial cells possess limited regenerative capacity. There is therefore much interest in circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) among the scientific community, especially into their purported role in maintenance of endothelial integrity and function, as well as postnatal neovascularization. It has been suggested that these cells might not only be responsible for the continuous recovery of the endothelium after injury/damage, but also might take part in angiogenesis, giving the hope of new treatment opportunities. Indeed, there is accumulating evidence showing reduced availability and impaired EPC function in the presence of both cardiovascular disease and associated comorbid risk factors. Thus, many studies into the potential for use of EPCs in the clinical setting are being undertaken. The goal of this review article is to provide an overview of data relevant to the clinical role of EPCs and perspectives for treatment of cardiovascular disorders.
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Abbreviations and Acronyms
| | ADMA = asymmetric dimethylarginine | | CABG = coronary artery bypass grafting | | CAD = coronary artery disease | | EPC = endothelial progenitor cell | | G-CSF = granulocyte colony-stimulating factor | | KDR = kinase insert domain receptor | | LDL = low-density lipoprotein | | MNC = mononuclear cell | | NO = nitric oxide | | PDGF = platelet-derived growth factor | | VEGF = vascular endothelial growth factor |
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