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CLINICAL RESEARCH: ATHEROSCLEROSIS

Vascular Inflammation Evaluated by [¹⁸F]-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography Is Associated With the Metabolic Syndrome

Nobuhiro Tahara, MD, PhD^_*,_*, Hisashi Kai, MD, PhD^_*, Sho-ichi Yamagishi, MD, PhD^_*, Minori Mizoguchi, MD^_*, Hiroyuki Nakaura, MD, PhD^_*, Masatoshi Ishibashi, MD, PhD, Hayato Kaida, MD, PhD, Kenkichi Baba, MD, Naofumi Hayabuchi, MD, PhD and Tsutomu Imaizumi, MD, PhD^_*

^_* Department of Medicine, Division of Cardio-Vascular Medicine, Kurume, Japan
Department of Radiology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan.

Manuscript received August 18, 2006; revised manuscript received September 19, 2006, accepted November 19, 2006.

^_* Reprints requests and correspondence: Dr. Nobuhiro Tahara, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardio-Vascular Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahimachi, Kurume 830-0011, Japan. (Email: ntahara{at}med.kurume-u.ac.jp).

Objectives: We investigated factors for carotid artery inflammation by [¹⁸F]-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET).

Background: Inflammation is present in some atherosclerotic plaques. The FDG-PET is capable of identifying and quantifying vascular inflammation within atherosclerotic plaques.

Methods: The FDG-PET imaging was performed in 216 consecutive patients (63 ± 9 years, men:women 147:69) for cancer screening. Vascular inflammation in carotid atherosclerosis was quantified by measuring the standardized uptake value (SUV) of FDG into the artery.

Results: Multiple stepwise regression analysis revealed significant relationships between SUV and waist circumference (p < 0.001), hypertensive medication (p < 0.001), carotid intima-media thickness (p < 0.001), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p < 0.01, inversely), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (p < 0.05), or high sensitivity C-reactive protein (p < 0.05). Age- and gender-adjusted SUV of FDG was significantly higher (p < 0.0001) in proportion to the accumulation of the number of the components of the metabolic syndrome. Thus, the metabolic syndrome was associated with increased FDG uptake in carotid atherosclerosis.

Conclusions: Our present study may suggest that the metabolic syndrome is associated with inflammation in carotid atherosclerosis. (Detection of Plaque Inflammation by Positron Emission Tomography (PET); http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00114504; NCT00114504 [ClinicalTrials.gov] )

Abbreviations and Acronyms   BMI = body mass index   BP = blood pressure   CAD = coronary artery disease   CT = computed tomography   CVD = cerebrovascular disease   FDG = [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose   FPG = fasting plasma glucose   HDL = high-density lipoprotein   HOMA-IR = homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance   hsCRP = high sensitivity C-reactive protein   IMT = intima-media thickness   IRI = immunoreactive insulin   LDL = low-density lipoprotein   PET = positron emission tomography   SUV = standardized uptake value

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