EXPEDITED REVIEW
A Randomized Trial of Circumferential Pulmonary Vein Ablation Versus Antiarrhythmic Drug Therapy in Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation
The APAF Study
Carlo Pappone, MD, PhD, FACC*,*,
Giuseppe Augello, MD*,
Simone Sala, MD*,
Filippo Gugliotta, BEng*,
Gabriele Vicedomini, MD*,
Simone Gulletta, MD*,
Gabriele Paglino, MD*,
Patrizio Mazzone, MD*,
Nicoleta Sora, MD*,
Isabelle Greiss, MD*,
Andreina Santagostino, MD*,
Laura LiVolsi, MD*,
Nicola Pappone, MD ,
Andrea Radinovic, MD*,
Francesco Manguso, MD, PhD* and
Vincenzo Santinelli, MD*
* Division of Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology, San Raffaele University Hospital, Milan, Italy
Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Telese Terme, Italy.
Manuscript received August 2, 2006;
revised manuscript received August 23, 2006,
accepted August 28, 2006.
* Reprint requests and correspondence: Dr. Carlo Pappone, Department of Arrhythmology, San Raffaele University Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, 20132—Milan, Italy. (Email: carlo.pappone{at}hsr.it).
OBJECTIVES: We compared ablation strategy with antiarrhythmic drug therapy (ADT) in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF).
BACKGROUND: Atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation strategy is superior to ADT in patients with an initial history of PAF, but its role in patients with a long history of AF as compared with ADT remains a challenge.
METHODS: One hundred ninety-eight patients (age, 56 ± 10 years) with PAF of 6 ± 5 years’ duration (mean AF episodes 3.4/month) who had failed ADT were randomized to AF ablation by circumferential pulmonary vein ablation (CPVA) or to the maximum tolerable doses of another ADT, which included flecainide, sotalol, and amiodarone. Crossover to CPVA was allowed after 3 months of ADT.
RESULTS: By Kaplan-Meier analysis, 86% of patients in the CPVA group and 22% of those in the ADT group who did not require a second ADT were free from recurrent atrial tachyarrhythmias (AT) (p < 0.001); a repeat ablation was performed in 9% of patients in the CPVA group for recurrent AF (6%) or atrial tachycardia (3%). At 1 year, 93% and 35% of the CPVA and ADT groups, respectively, were AT-free. Ejection fraction, hypertension, and age independently predicted AF recurrences in the ADT group. Circumferential pulmonary vein ablation was associated with fewer cardiovascular hospitalizations (p < 0.01). One transient ischemic attack and 1 pericardial effusion occurred in the CPVA group; side effects of ADT were observed in 23 patients.
CONCLUSIONS: Circumferential pulmonary vein ablation is more successful than ADT for prevention of PAF with few complications. Atrial fibrillation ablation warrants consideration in selected patients in whom ADT had already failed and maintenance of sinus rhythm is desired. (A Controlled Randomized Trial of CPVA Versus Antiarrhythmic Drug Therapy in for Paroxysmal AF: APAF/01; http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show; NCT00340314
[ClinicalTrials.gov]
)
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Abbreviations and Acronyms
| | AAD = antiarrhythmic drug | | ADT = antiarrhythmic drug therapy | | AF = atrial fibrillation | | AT = atrial tachyarrhythmia | | CPVA = circumferential pulmonary vein ablation | | EF = ejection fraction | | PAF = paroxysmal atrial fibrillation | | SR = sinus rhythm |
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