STATE-OF-THE-ART PAPER
Imaging Stem Cells Implanted in Infarcted Myocardium
Rong Zhou, PhD*,*,
Paul D. Acton, PhD and
Victor A. Ferrari, MD
* Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Department of Medicine (Cardiovascular), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Manuscript received June 20, 2006;
revised manuscript received August 14, 2006,
accepted August 14, 2006.
* Reprint requests and correspondence: Dr. Rong Zhou, Molecular Imaging Laboratories, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, B6 Blockley Hall, 422 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104. (Email: zhou{at}rad.upenn.edu).
Stem cell–based cellular cardiomyoplasty represents a promising therapy for myocardial infarction. Noninvasive imaging techniques would allow the evaluation of survival, migration, and differentiation status of implanted stem cells in the same subject over time. This review describes methods for cell visualization using several corresponding noninvasive imaging modalities, including magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, single-photon emission computed tomography, and bioluminescent imaging. Reporter-based cell visualization is compared with direct cell labeling for short- and long-term cell tracking.
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Abbreviations and Acronyms
| | BMSC = bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell | | D2R = dopamine type 2 receptor | | ECFP = enhanced cyan fluorescent protein | | Fluc = firefly luciferase | | GFP = green fluorescent protein | | HSV1-tk = herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase | | MLC2v = ventricular myosin light chain 2 | | MPIO = micrometer-sized superparamagnetic iron oxide | | NIS = sodium-iodide symporter | | PET = positron emission tomography | | SPECT = single-photon emission computerized tomography | | SPIO = superparamagnetic iron oxide | | TA = transfecting agent | | TFR = transferrin receptor | | TK = thymidine kinase | | USPIO = ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide |
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