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J Am Coll Cardiol, 2006; 48:2012-2025, doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2006.06.071 (Published online 31 October 2006).
© 2006 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation
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STATE-OF-THE-ART PAPER

Assessment of Left Ventricular Function by Cardiac Ultrasound

James D. Thomas, MD* and Zoran B. Popovic, MD, PhD

Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio

Manuscript received March 2, 2006; revised manuscript received June 2, 2006, accepted June 19, 2006.

* Reprint requests and correspondence: Dr. James D. Thomas, Department of Cardiology, Desk F-15, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44195. (Email: thomasj{at}ccf.org).

Our understanding of the physical underpinnings of the assessment of cardiac function is becoming increasingly sophisticated. Recent developments in cardiac ultrasound permit exploitation of many of these newer physical concepts with current echocardiographic machines. This review will first focus on the current approach to the assessment of cardiovascular hemodynamics by cardiac ultrasound. The next focus will be the assessment of global cardiac mechanics in systole and diastole. Finally, relationships between the cardiac structure and regional myocardial function, and the way regional function can be quantified by ultrasound, will be presented. This review also discusses the clinical impact of echocardiography and its future directions and developments.

Abbreviations and Acronyms
  DTI = Doppler tissue imaging
  EF = ejection fraction
  LV = left ventricle/ventricular
  LVOT = left ventricular outflow tract
  PW = pulsed wave
  ROA = regurgitant orifice area
  RV = regurgitant volume
  STI = speckle tracking imaging
  SV = stroke volume
  2(3)D = 2(3)-dimensional




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