CARDIOVASCULAR GENOMIC MEDICINE
Molecular and Cellular Imaging of Atherosclerosis
Emerging Applications
Farouc A. Jaffer, MD, PhD*, , ,*,
Peter Libby, MD, FACC*, , and
Ralph Weissleder, MD, PhD*,,1
* Center for Molecular Imaging Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
Donald W. Reynolds Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
Manuscript received August 23, 2005;
revised manuscript received November 9, 2005,
accepted November 20, 2005.
* Reprint requests and correspondence: Dr. Farouc A. Jaffer, MGH-CMIR, 149 13th Street, Room 5406, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129. (Email: fjaffer{at}partners.org).
Molecular imaging studies have shed light on important biological aspects of atherosclerosis, and are now entering the clinical arena for the detection of clinical atheroma. This review first discusses fundamental principles regarding the rationale for and development of molecular imaging technologies for investigating atherosclerosis. Next, we highlight clinically promising imaging strategies that illuminate key biological aspects of atherosclerosis, including macrophage activity, protease activity, lipoprotein presence, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. We envision that several molecular imaging approaches will become important adjuncts to the clinical management of high-risk atherosclerosis.
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Abbreviations and Acronyms
| | FDG = fluorodeoxyglucose | | LDL = low-density lipoprotein | | MMP = matrix metalloproteinase | | MNP = magnetic nanoparticles (dextran-coated) | | MPO = myeloperoxidase | | MRI = magnetic resonance imaging | | NIRF = near-infrared fluorescence or fluorochrome | | PET = positron emission tomography | | SPECT = single-photon emission computed tomography | | VCAM = vascular cell adhesion molecule |
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