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VIEWPOINT

Women and Ischemic Heart Disease

Pathophysiologic Implications From the Women’s Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) Study and Future Research Steps

Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia

Manuscript received October 27, 2004; revised manuscript received November 18, 2004, accepted November 18, 2004.

^_* Reprint requests and correspondence: Dr. Arshed A. Quyyumi, Emory University School of Medicine, 1364 Clifton Road NE, Suite D403C, Atlanta, Georgia 30322 (Email: aquyyum{at}emory.edu).

The current review highlights gender-specific issues in ischemic heart disease (IHD) presentation, evaluation, and outcomes with a special focus on the results derived from the National Institutes of Health-National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute–sponsored Women’s Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) study. New evidence on gender-based differences in vascular wall, atherosclerotic plaque deposition, pathophysiology, and innovative cardiovascular imaging techniques are reviewed. Critical areas of further inquiry needed to advance new gender-specific IHD understanding are detailed.

Abbreviations and Acronyms   CHD = coronary heart disease   CRP = C-reactive protein   DASI = Duke Activity Status Index   EPC = endothelial progenitor cell   IHD = ischemic heart disease   WISE = Women’s Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation

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