VIEWPOINT
Women and Ischemic Heart Disease
Pathophysiologic Implications From the Women’s Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) Study and Future Research Steps
Arshed A. Quyyumi, MD, FRCP*
Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
Manuscript received October 27, 2004;
revised manuscript received November 18, 2004,
accepted November 18, 2004.
* Reprint requests and correspondence: Dr. Arshed A. Quyyumi, Emory University School of Medicine, 1364 Clifton Road NE, Suite D403C, Atlanta, Georgia 30322 (Email: aquyyum{at}emory.edu).
The current review highlights gender-specific issues in ischemic heart disease (IHD) presentation, evaluation, and outcomes with a special focus on the results derived from the National Institutes of Health-National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute–sponsored Women’s Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) study. New evidence on gender-based differences in vascular wall, atherosclerotic plaque deposition, pathophysiology, and innovative cardiovascular imaging techniques are reviewed. Critical areas of further inquiry needed to advance new gender-specific IHD understanding are detailed.
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Abbreviations and Acronyms
| | CHD = coronary heart disease | | CRP = C-reactive protein | | DASI = Duke Activity Status Index | | EPC = endothelial progenitor cell | | IHD = ischemic heart disease | | WISE = Women’s Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation |
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