CLINICAL RESEARCH: HEART FAILURE
Renal Function, Congestive Heart Failure, and Amino-Terminal Pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide Measurement
Results From the ProBNP Investigation of Dyspnea in the Emergency Department (PRIDE) Study
Saif Anwaruddin, MD*,
Donald M. Lloyd-Jones, MD, ScM, FACC ,
Aaron Baggish, MD*,
Annabel Chen, MD*,
Daniel Krauser, MD*,
Roderick Tung, MD*,
Claudia Chae, MD, MPH, FACC* and
James L. Januzzi, Jr, MD, FACC*,*
* Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
Manuscript received June 10, 2005;
revised manuscript received August 4, 2005,
accepted August 9, 2005.
* Reprint requests and correspondence: Dr. James L. Januzzi, Jr., Massachusetts General Hospital, Yawkey 5984, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114. (Email: JJanuzzi{at}Partners.org).
OBJECTIVES: We sought to examine the interaction between renal function and amino-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels.
BACKGROUND: The effects of renal insufficiency on NT-proBNP among patients with and without acute congestive heart failure (CHF) are controversial. We examined the effects of kidney disease on NT-proBNPbased CHF diagnosis and prognosis.
METHODS: A total of 599 dyspneic patients with glomerular filtration rates (GFRs) as low as 14.8 ml/min were analyzed. We used multivariate logistic regression to examine covariates associated with NT-proBNP results and linear regression analysis to analyze associations between NT-proBNP and GFR. Receiver-operating characteristic analysis determined the sensitivity and specificity of NT-proBNP for CHF diagnosis. We also assessed 60-day mortality rates as a function of NT-proBNP concentration.
RESULTS: Glomerular filtration rates ranged from 15 ml/min/1.73 m2 to 252 ml/min/1.73m2. Renal insufficiency was associated with risk factors for CHF, and patients with renal insufficiency were more likely to have CHF (all p < 0.003). Worse renal function was accompanied by cardiac structural and functional abnormalities on echocardiography. We found that NT-proBNP and GFR were inversely and independently related (p < 0.001) and that NT-proBNP values of > 450 pg/ml for patients ages <50 years and >900 pg/ml for patients 50 years had a sensitivity of 85% and a specificity of 88% for diagnosing acute CHF among subjects with GFR 60 ml/min/1.73 m2. Using a cut point of 1,200 pg/ml for subjects with GFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m2, we found sensitivity and specificity to be 89% and 72%, respectively. We found that NT-proBNP was the strongest overall independent risk factor for 60-day mortality (hazard ratio 1.57; 95% confidence interval 1.2 to 2.0; p = 0.0004) and remained so even in those with GFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 (hazard ratio 1.61; 95% confidence interval 1.14 to 2.26; p = 0.006).
CONCLUSIONS: The use of NT-proBNP testing is valuable for the evaluation of the dyspneic patient with suspected CHF, irrespective of renal function.
|
Abbreviations and Acronyms
| | BNP = B-type natriuretic peptide | | CHF = congestive heart failure | | CKD = chronic kidney disease | | ED = emergency department | | GFR = glomerular filtration rate | | IQR = interquartile range | | NT-proBNP = amino-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide | | PRIDE = ProBNP Investigation of Dyspnea in the Emergency Department study | | ROC = receiver-operating characteristic |
|
This article has been cited by other articles:

|
 |

|
 |
 
A. IBRAHIM, M. BAIBARS, M. C. ALRAIES, and G. H. OLIVEIRA
Q: Should target natriuretic peptide levels be used for outpatient management of chronic heart failure?
Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine,
January 1, 2012;
79(1):
22 - 25.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
H.-N. Kim and J. L. Januzzi Jr
Natriuretic Peptide Testing in Heart Failure
Circulation,
May 10, 2011;
123(18):
2015 - 2019.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
L. L. Lam, P. A. Cameron, H. G. Schneider, M. J. Abramson, C. Muller, and H. Krum
Meta-analysis: Effect of B-Type Natriuretic Peptide Testing on Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Acute Dyspnea in the Emergency Setting
Ann Intern Med,
December 7, 2010;
153(11):
728 - 735.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A. S. Jaffe
Chapter 33 The use of biomarkers for acute cardiovascular disease
The ESC Textbook of Acute and Intensive Cardiac Care,
December 1, 2010;
1(1):
med-9780199584314-chapter - med-9780199584314-chapter.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
N. L. Weintraub, S. P. Collins, P. S. Pang, P. D. Levy, A. S. Anderson, C. Arslanian-Engoren, W. B. Gibler, J. K. McCord, M. B. Parshall, G. S. Francis, et al.
Acute Heart Failure Syndromes: Emergency Department Presentation, Treatment, and Disposition: Current Approaches and Future Aims: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Circulation,
November 9, 2010;
122(19):
1975 - 1996.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
S. C. Palmer, T. G. Yandle, M. G. Nicholls, C. M. Frampton, and A. M. Richards
Regional clearance of amino-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide from human plasma
Eur J Heart Fail,
September 1, 2009;
11(9):
832 - 839.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
S. C. Palmer, T. G. Yandle, C. M. Frampton, R. W. Troughton, M. G. Nicholls, and A. M. Richards
Renal and cardiac function for long-term (10 year) risk stratification after myocardial infarction
Eur. Heart J.,
June 2, 2009;
30(12):
1486 - 1494.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
S Dhar, G S Pressman, S Subramanian, S Kaul, S Gollamudi, E J Bloom, and V M Figueredo
Natriuretic peptides and heart failure in the patient with chronic kidney disease: a review of current evidence
Postgrad. Med. J.,
June 1, 2009;
85(1004):
299 - 302.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
D. Moertl, R. Berger, J. Struck, A. Gleiss, A. Hammer, N. G. Morgenthaler, A. Bergmann, M. Huelsmann, and R. Pacher
Comparison of Midregional Pro-Atrial and B-Type Natriuretic Peptides in Chronic Heart Failure: Influencing Factors, Detection of Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction, and Prediction of Death
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.,
May 12, 2009;
53(19):
1783 - 1790.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
T. Mueller, B. Dieplinger, W. Poelz, G. Endler, O. F. Wagner, and M. Haltmayer
Amino-Terminal Pro-B-Type Natriuretic Peptide as Predictor of Mortality in Patients with Symptomatic Peripheral Arterial Disease: 5-Year Follow-Up Data from the Linz Peripheral Arterial Disease Study
Clin. Chem.,
January 1, 2009;
55(1):
68 - 77.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
P. Ray, S. Delerme, P. Jourdain, and C. Chenevier-Gobeaux
Differential diagnosis of acute dyspnea: the value of B natriuretic peptides in the emergency department
QJM,
November 1, 2008;
101(11):
831 - 843.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A. Y.-M. Wang and K.-N. Lai
Use of Cardiac Biomarkers in End-Stage Renal Disease
J. Am. Soc. Nephrol.,
September 1, 2008;
19(9):
1643 - 1652.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
O. M. Gutierrez, H. Tamez, I. Bhan, J. Zazra, M. Tonelli, M. Wolf, J. L. Januzzi, Y. Chang, and R. Thadhani
N-terminal Pro-B-Type Natriuretic Peptide (NT-proBNP) Concentrations in Hemodialysis Patients: Prognostic Value of Baseline and Follow-up Measurements
Clin. Chem.,
August 1, 2008;
54(8):
1339 - 1348.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
S. W. Waldo, J. Beede, S. Isakson, S. Villard-Saussine, J. Fareh, P. Clopton, R. L. Fitzgerald, and A. S. Maisel
Pro-B-Type Natriuretic Peptide Levels in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.,
May 13, 2008;
51(19):
1874 - 1882.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
J. Ybarra, F. Planas, and J. M Pou
Aminoterminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and sleep-disordered breathing in morbidly obese females: a cross-sectional study
Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research,
March 1, 2008;
5(1):
19 - 24.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
L. Gargani, F. Frassi, G. Soldati, P. Tesorio, M. Gheorghiade, and E. Picano
Ultrasound lung comets for the differential diagnosis of acute cardiogenic dyspnoea: A comparison with natriuretic peptides
Eur J Heart Fail,
January 1, 2008;
10(1):
70 - 77.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
L. B. Daniels and A. S. Maisel
Natriuretic Peptides
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.,
December 18, 2007;
50(25):
2357 - 2368.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
J. Hogenhuis, A. A. Voors, T. Jaarsma, A. W. Hoes, H. L. Hillege, J. A. Kragten, and D. J. van Veldhuisen
Anaemia and renal dysfunction are independently associated with BNP and NT-proBNP levels in patients with heart failure
Eur J Heart Fail,
August 1, 2007;
9(8):
787 - 794.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
C. R. deFilippi, S. L. Seliger, S. Maynard, and R. H. Christenson
Impact of Renal Disease on Natriuretic Peptide Testing for Diagnosing Decompensated Heart Failure and Predicting Mortality
Clin. Chem.,
August 1, 2007;
53(8):
1511 - 1519.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
W.H. Wilson Tang, G. S. Francis, D. A. Morrow, L. K. Newby, C. P. Cannon, R. L. Jesse, A. B. Storrow, R. H. Christenson, COMMITTEE MEMBERS, R. H. Christenson, et al.
National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory Medicine Practice Guidelines: Clinical Utilization of Cardiac Biomarker Testing in Heart Failure
Circulation,
July 31, 2007;
116(5):
e99 - e109.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
K.-S. Spanaus, F. Kronenberg, E. Ritz, R. Schlapbach, D. Fliser, M. Hersberger, B. Kollerits, P. Konig, A. von Eckardstein, and for the Mild-to-Moderate Kidney Disease Study Grou
B-Type Natriuretic Peptide Concentrations Predict the Progression of Nondiabetic Chronic Kidney Disease: The Mild-to-Moderate Kidney Disease Study
Clin. Chem.,
July 1, 2007;
53(7):
1264 - 1272.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
R. Shadman, M. A. Allison, and M. H. Criqui
Glomerular Filtration Rate and N-Terminal Pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide as Predictors of Cardiovascular Mortality in Vascular Patients
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.,
June 5, 2007;
49(22):
2172 - 2181.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
R. R.J. van Kimmenade, J. L. Januzzi Jr, A. L. Baggish, J. G. Lainchbury, A. Bayes-Genis, A. M. Richards, and Y. M. Pinto
Amino-Terminal Pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide, Renal Function, and Outcomes in Acute Heart Failure: Redefining the Cardiorenal Interaction?
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.,
October 17, 2006;
48(8):
1621 - 1627.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
R. J. Shelton, A. L. Clark, K. Goode, A. S. Rigby, and J. G.F. Cleland
The diagnostic utility of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide for the detection of major structural heart disease in patients with atrial fibrillation
Eur. Heart J.,
October 1, 2006;
27(19):
2353 - 2361.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
G. M. Felker, J. W. Petersen, and D. B. Mark
Natriuretic peptides in the diagnosis and management of heart failure.
Can. Med. Assoc. J.,
September 12, 2006;
175(6):
611 - 617.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
E. J. Lamb, S. Vickery, and C. P. Price
Amino-Terminal Pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide to Diagnose Congestive Heart Failure in Patients With Impaired Kidney Function
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.,
September 5, 2006;
48(5):
1060 - 1061.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
Other articles noted
Evid. Based Med.,
June 1, 2006;
11(3):
95 - 96.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A. A. Chen, M. J. Wood, D. G. Krauser, A. L. Baggish, R. Tung, S. Anwaruddin, M. H. Picard, and J. L. Januzzi
NT-proBNP levels, echocardiographic findings, and outcomes in breathless patients: results from the ProBNP Investigation of Dyspnoea in the Emergency Department (PRIDE) echocardiographic substudy
Eur. Heart J.,
April 1, 2006;
27(7):
839 - 845.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|
|