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CLINICAL RESEARCH: VALVULAR DISEASE

Functional Assessment of Mitral Regurgitation by Transthoracic Echocardiography Using Standardized Imaging Planes

Diagnostic Accuracy and Outcome Implications

Jean-Luc Monin, MD^_*,_*, Patrick Dehant, MD, Cécile Roiron, MD^_*, Mehran Monchi, MD, Jean-Yves Tabet, MD^_*, Philippe Clerc, MD, Guy Fernandez, MD, Rémi Houel, MD, Jérome Garot, MD, PhD^_*, Christophe Chauvel, MD and Pascal Gueret, MD, FACC^_*

^_* Departments of Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, Henri Mondor Hospital, Créteil, France (Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris)
Departments of Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, Clinique Saint-Augustin, Bordeaux, France
Department of Intensive Care Medicine and Cardiac Surgery, Institut Hospitalier Jacques Cartier, Massy, France

Manuscript received February 4, 2005; revised manuscript received March 12, 2005, accepted March 15, 2005.

^_* Reprint requests and correspondence: Dr. Jean-Luc Monin, Henri Mondor Hospital, Department of Cardiology, 51 Avenue De Lattre de Tassigny, 94010 Créteil, France (Email: jeanluc.monin{at}free.fr).

OBJECTIVES: We sought to assess the value of transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) using standardized imaging planes for the functional analysis of mitral regurgitation (MR) as well as for postoperative outcome implications.

BACKGROUND: The feasibility of mitral valve repair is based on functional assessment of MR, mainly by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). Considering the recent advances in TTE imaging, the incremental value of TEE in this setting needs to be re-examined.

METHODS: Consecutive patients (n = 279; 181 men; median age 68 years [quartiles, 61 to 74]) who underwent surgery for MR were enrolled prospectively in two tertiary care centers. The accuracy of TTE (harmonic imaging) versus TEE for functional assessment of MR was evaluated against surgical findings.

RESULTS: Valve repair (n = 237 patients, 85%) or replacement (n = 42) was predicted accurately by TTE in 97% of cases; TEE added significant information for only two patients. In the subgroup of degenerative MR (n = 190), agreement with surgical findings for the localization of prolapsed segments was 91% for TTE (kappa, 0.81) and 93% for TEE (kappa, 0.85) without incremental value of TEE (p = 0.40). Patients with single prolapse of the middle posterior scallop (P2) had a better postoperative outcome as compared with patients who had non-P2 lesions (p = 0.008). Furthermore, mitral replacement predicted by TTE was an independent predictor for postoperative long-term mortality (odds ratio 5.7, 95% confidence interval 1.97 to 16.4, p = 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS: In experienced hands, functional assessment of MR by TTE can predict accurately valve repairability and has a strong influence on postoperative outcome. Thus, in most cases preoperative TEE is not mandatory, provided intraoperative TEE is performed.

Abbreviations and Acronyms   LV = left ventricular   MR = mitral regurgitation   NYHA = New York Heart Association   P2 = middle scallop of the posterior mitral leaflet   ROC = receiver-operating characteristic   TEE = transesophageal echocardiography   TTE = transthoracic echocardiography

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