HOME SUBSCRIPTIONS CURRENT ISSUE PAST ISSUES CARDIOSOURCE SEARCH HELP FEEDBACK		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Figures Only Full Text Full Text (PDF) All Versions of this Article: j.jacc.2005.07.050v1 46/10/1869    most recent Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in ISI Web of Science Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via ISI Web of Science (20) Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Lakoski, S. G. Articles by Herrington, D. M. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Lakoski, S. G. Articles by Herrington, D. M.

CLINICAL RESEARCH: ATHEROSCLEROSIS

The Relationship Between Blood Pressure and C-Reactive Protein in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)

Susan G. Lakoski, MD, MS^_*,_*, Mary Cushman, MD, MSc, Walter Palmas, MD, MS, Roger Blumenthal, MD, FACC^||, Ralph B. D’Agostino, Jr, PhD and David M. Herrington, MD, MHS, FACC^_*

^_* Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
Department of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
Departments of Medicine and Pathology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York
^|| Ciccarone Preventive Cardiology Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.

Manuscript received May 6, 2005; revised manuscript received July 11, 2005, accepted July 18, 2005.

^_* Reprint requests and correspondence: Dr. Susan G. Lakoski, Division of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157. (Email: slakoski{at}wfubmc.edu).

OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was to determine the relationship between resting blood pressure (BP) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in a multi-ethnic cohort of men and women from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA).

BACKGROUND: Several investigators have observed elevated levels of CRP in individuals with hypertension. Hypertension prevalence varies considerably across ethnic groups. Important questions remain regarding whether the relationship between hypertension and CRP is similar across ethnic and gender subgroups.

METHODS: The MESA participants had CRP levels determined at the baseline clinical examination (N = 6,814). Hypertension, treated as a dichotomous variable (yes/no), was defined as a systolic or diastolic BP 140/90 mm Hg or a self-reported history of hypertension and use of antihypertensive medications.

RESULTS: The geometric mean CRP in hypertensive participants was 2.3 ± 0.07 mg/l compared with 1.6 ± 0.07 mg/l among normotensive participants (p < 0.0001). The relative difference in CRP levels in hypertensives compared with normotensives was similar regardless of gender (13% in men and 13% in women). Ethnic comparisons showed that Chinese participants had the lowest CRP concentration but the largest difference in CRP by hypertension status (24%). Caucasians and African Americans had 10% to 15% higher CRP levels with hypertension, whereas Hispanics had no significant difference in CRP by hypertension status.

CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms the existence of an independent association between hypertension and inflammation in both men and women. Ethnic group differences were evident, with the strongest association observed in Chinese participants and no difference in CRP levels by hypertension status in Hispanics.

Abbreviations and Acronyms   BP = blood pressure   CRP = C-reactive protein   HTN = hypertension   JNC 7 = Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure   MESA = Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis   MI = myocardial infarction

This article has been cited by other articles:

				K. D. Pendergrass, N. T. Pirro, B. M. Westwood, C. M. Ferrario, K. B. Brosnihan, and M. C. Chappell Sex differences in circulating and renal angiotensins of hypertensive mRen(2).Lewis but not normotensive Lewis rats Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, July 1, 2008; 295(1): H10 - H20. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				V. Martina, A. Masha, V. R. Gigliardi, L. Brocato, E. Manzato, A. Berchio, P. Massarenti, F. Settanni, L. Della Casa, S. Bergamini, et al. Long-Term N-Acetylcysteine and L-Arginine Administration Reduces Endothelial Activation and Systolic Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Diabetes Care, May 1, 2008; 31(5): 940 - 944. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Tsioufis, K. Dimitriadis, M. Selima, C. Thomopoulos, C. Mihas, I. Skiadas, D. Tousoulis, C. Stefanadis, and I. Kallikazaros Low-grade inflammation and hypoadiponectinaemia have an additive detrimental effect on aortic stiffness in essential hypertensive patients Eur. Heart J., May 1, 2007; 28(9): 1162 - 1169. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				W. Vongpatanasin, G. D. Thomas, R. Schwartz, L. A. Cassis, S. Osborne-Lawrence, L. Hahner, L. L. Gibson, S. Black, D. Samols, and P. W. Shaul C-Reactive Protein Causes Downregulation of Vascular Angiotensin Subtype 2 Receptors and Systolic Hypertension in Mice Circulation, February 27, 2007; 115(8): 1020 - 1028. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. D. Sesso, L. Wang, J. E. Buring, P. M Ridker, and J. M. Gaziano Comparison of Interleukin-6 and C-Reactive Protein for the Risk of Developing Hypertension in Women Hypertension, February 1, 2007; 49(2): 304 - 310. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J O'Loughlin, E Dugas, K Maximova, and N Kishchuk Reporting of ethnicity in research on chronic disease: update Postgrad. Med. J., November 1, 2006; 82(973): 737 - 742. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. Joppa, D. Petrasova, B. Stancak, and R. Tkacova Systemic Inflammation in Patients With COPD and Pulmonary Hypertension. Chest, August 1, 2006; 130(2): 326 - 333. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]