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CLINICAL RESEARCH: ATHEROSCLEROSIS

Phenolic Content of Virgin Olive Oil Improves Ischemic Reactive Hyperemia in Hypercholesterolemic Patients

Department of Medicine, University of Cordoba, Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain.

Manuscript received February 27, 2005; revised manuscript received June 20, 2005, accepted June 27, 2005.

^_* Reprint requests and correspondence: Dr. Francisco Pérez Jiménez, Unidad de Lípidos y Arteriosclerosis, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Avda. Menéndez Pidal, s/n, 14004 Córdoba, España. (Email: fperezjimenez{at}uco.es).

OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of the phenolic content of virgin olive oil on endothelial reactivity.

BACKGROUND: Endothelial-dependent vasodilatation is impaired during the postprandial state, and oxidative stress could play a key role in its development.

METHODS: Twenty-one hypercholesterolemic volunteers received two breakfasts, using a randomized sequential crossover design. Both arms received the same olive oil, but one had its phenolic acid content reduced from 400 to 80 ppm. Ischemic reactive hyperemia (IRH) was measured with a laser-Doppler procedure at baseline and 2 h and 4 h after oil intake. Postprandial plasma concentrations of lipid fractions, lipoperoxides (LPO), 8-epi prostaglandin-F₂, and nitrates/nitrites (NO_(x)) were obtained at baseline and after 2 h of the fat meal.

RESULTS: The intake of the polyphenol-rich breakfast was associated with an improvement in endothelial function, as well as a greater increase in concentrations of NO_(x) (p < 0.001) and a lower increase in LPO (p < 0.005) and 8-epi prostaglandin-F₂ (p < 0.001) than the ones induced by the low polyphenol fat meal. A positive correlation was found to exist between NO_(x) and enhanced endothelial function at the second hour (r = 0.669; p < 0.01). Furthermore, a negative correlation was found between IRH and LPO (r = –0.203; p < 0.05) and 8-epi prostaglandin-F₂ levels (r = –0.440; p < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: A meal containing high-phenolic virgin olive oil improves ischemic reactive hyperemia during the postprandial state. This phenomenon might be mediated via reduction in oxidative stress and the increase of nitric oxide metabolites.

Abbreviations and Acronyms   AUC = area under the curve   HDL-C = high-density lipoprotein cholesterol   IRH = ischemic reactive hyperemia   LDL-C = low-density lipoprotein cholesterol   LPO = lipoperoxides   NO(x) = nitrates/nitrites   TC = total cholesterol   TG = triglycerides   TRL = triglyceride-rich lipoproteins   8-epi-F2 = 8-epi prostaglandin-F2

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