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STATE-OF-THE-ART PAPER

Use of ultrasound contrast agents for gene or drug delivery in cardiovascular medicine

Raffi Bekeredjian, MD^*, Paul A. Grayburn, MD, FACC^,* and Ralph V. Shohet, MD^*

^* Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas

Manuscript received July 2, 2004; revised manuscript received August 16, 2004, accepted August 17, 2004.

^* Reprint requests and correspondence: Dr. Paul A. Grayburn, Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, 621 N. Hall Street, Suite H030, Dallas, Texas 75226 (Email: paulgr{at}baylorhealth.edu).

The clinical utility of ultrasound contrast agents has been established in diagnostic echocardiography. Recently, the use of such agents has been promoted for transport and delivery of various bioactive substances, thus providing a technique for non-invasive gene therapy and organ-specific drug delivery. In this review, we give a critical update of published studies using ultrasound contrast agents for therapeutic use. We discuss the potential applications and limitations of this technique and suggest future applications in cardiovascular medicine.

Abbreviations and Acronyms   DNA = deoxyribonucleic acid   GFP = green fluorescent protein   UTMD = ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction   VEGF = vascular endothelial growth factor

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