CLINICAL RESEARCH: BRACHIAL FLOW-MEDIATED DILATION AND ATHEROSCLEROSIS
Relationship Between Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness and Brachial Artery Flow-Mediated Dilation in Middle-Aged Healthy Men
Raymond T. Yan, MD, MASc*,
Todd J. Anderson, MD, FRCPC, FACC ,
Francois Charbonneau, MD, MSc, FRCPC, FACC,
Lawrence Title, MD, FRCPC, FACC ,
Subodh Verma, MD, PhD ,
Eva Lonn, MD, MSc, FRCPC, FACC*,* on behalf of the FATE Investigators
* Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Dalhousie, Halifax, Canada
Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
Manuscript received October 6, 2004;
revised manuscript received November 16, 2004,
accepted December 6, 2004.
* Reprint requests and correspondence: Dr. Eva Lonn, Hamilton General Hospital, 237 Barton Street East, Hamilton, Ontario L8L 2X2, Canada (Email: lonnem{at}mcmaster.ca).
OBJECTIVES: We aimed to determine the relationship between carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in healthy middle-age men.
BACKGROUND: Carotid IMT and brachial artery FMD are frequently used as surrogate measures of subclinical atherosclerosis. Whereas carotid IMT identifies early structural abnormalities, brachial artery FMD, considered a bioassay of endothelial function, measures functional vascular integrity. The relationship between carotid IMT and brachial artery FMD has not been well studied.
METHODS: We measured traditional risk factors, carotid IMT, and brachial artery FMD in 1,578 middle-aged men without known cardiovascular disease and analyzed the relationship between carotid IMT and brachial FMD.
RESULTS: Carotid IMT correlated with age, systolic blood pressure, body mass index, fasting glucose, total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and with the overall Framingham risk score (p < 0.001 for all), whereas impaired brachial artery FMD correlated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p < 0.01). No relationship was observed between carotid IMT and brachial artery FMD for the entire cohort (r = –0.006, p = 0.82) and in subgroups defined by traditional risk factors or by quintiles of carotid IMT and brachial FMD.
CONCLUSIONS: In middle-aged healthy men, there is no significant correlation between carotid IMT and brachial artery FMD. This finding suggests that these are unique, independent surrogates that measure different aspects and stages of early atherosclerosis. Further studies are needed to define their role in clinical research and in cardiovascular risk assessment.
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Abbreviations and Acronyms
| | BMI = body mass index | | CV = cardiovascular | | CVD = cardiovascular disease | | FATE = Firefighters And Their Endothelium study | | FMD = flow-mediated dilation | | IMT = intima-media thickness | | LDL = low-density lipoprotein | | US = ultrasound |
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