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J Am Coll Cardiol, 2005; 45:1932-1938, doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2005.02.074 © 2005 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation |



* Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
University of Virginia Health Systems, Charlottesville, Virginia
The Lindner Center and The Ohio Heart Health Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina
|| Methodist-DeBakey Heart Center and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
¶ New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
# Oscala Heart Institute, Munroe Regional Medical Center, Oscala, Florida
** University Hospital Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
Manuscript received January 6, 2005; revised manuscript received February 17, 2005, accepted February 21, 2005.
* Reprint requests and correspondence: Dr. A. Michael Lincoff, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Desk F25, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44195. (Email: lincofa{at}ccf.org).
OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to confirm that the efficacy and safety of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in diabetic patients are not compromised by a bivalirudin-based antithrombotic strategy.
BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown a survival benefit with use of platelet glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa inhibitors in diabetic patients undergoing PCI. The Randomized Evaluation in Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Linking Angiomax to Reduced Clinical Events (REPLACE)-2 trial showed the non-inferiority of a strategy of bivalirudin with provisional GP IIb/IIIa inhibition compared with routine GP IIb/IIIa inhibition. The relative efficacy of these two strategies in diabetic patients has not been studied.
METHODS: We evaluated the diabetic patients enrolled in the REPLACE-2 trial to assess the impact of these antithrombotic strategies on the short- and long-term outcome after PCI.
RESULTS: The REPLACE-2 trial enrolled 1,624 diabetic patients and 4,368 non-diabetic patients. Compared with non-diabetic patients, diabetic patients had similar short-term outcome but higher mortality at 1 year (3.06% vs. 1.85%, p = 0.004). There was no difference in short-term or long-term ischemic events among the diabetic patients randomized to the two arms. Specifically, the 1-year mortality rate was non-significantly lower in the bivalirudin arm, suggesting no differential survival impact of the two strategies (2.3% vs. 3.9%). There was less minor bleeding in the bivalirudin arm in diabetic patients (12.6% vs. 24.4%, p < 0.001), whereas no difference was seen in the incidence of major bleeding (3.0% vs. 3.3%, p = 0.69).
CONCLUSIONS: Compared with routine GP IIb/IIIa inhibition, the use of bivalirudin with provisional GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors in diabetic patients is associated with no differences in clinical outcomes at 30 days, a trend toward lesser mortality at 1 year, and a reduction in minor bleeding.
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