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J Am Coll Cardiol, 2004; 44:878-886, doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2004.05.050
© 2004 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation
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ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY

Reproducibility and accuracy of echocardiographic measurements of left ventricular parameters using real-time three-dimensional echocardiography

Carly Jenkins, BS, Kristen Bricknell, BS, Lizelle Hanekom, MD and Thomas H. Marwick, MD, PhD, FACC*

University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia

Manuscript received January 25, 2004; revised manuscript received April 19, 2004, accepted May 4, 2004.

* Reprint requests and correspondence: Dr. Thomas H. Marwick, University of Queensland Department of Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Ipswich Road, Brisbane, Q4102, Australia (Email: tmarwick{at}soms.uq.edu.au).

OBJECTIVES: We sought to determine whether assessment of left ventricular (LV) function with real-time (RT) three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE) could reduce the variation of sequential LV measurements and provide greater accuracy than two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE).

BACKGROUND: Real-time 3DE has become feasible as a standard clinical tool, but its accuracy for LV assessment has not been validated.

METHODS: Unselected patients (n = 50; 41 men; age, 64 ± 8 years) presenting for evaluation of LV function were studied with 2DE and RT-3DE. Test-retest variation was performed by a complete restudy by a separate sonographer within 1 h without alteration of hemodynamics or therapy. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images were obtained during a breath-hold, and measurements were made off-line.

RESULTS: The test-retest variation showed similar measurements for volumes but wider scatter of LV mass measurements with M-mode and 2DE than 3DE. The average MRI end-diastolic volume was 172 ± 53 ml; LV volumes were underestimated by 2DE (mean difference, –54 ± 33; p < 0.01) but only slightly by RT-3DE (–4 ± 29; p = 0.31). Similarly, end-systolic volume by MRI (91 ± 53 ml) was underestimated by 2DE (mean difference, –28 ± 28; p < 0.01) and by RT-3DE (mean difference, –3 ± 18; p = 0.23). Ejection fraction by MRI was similar by 2DE (p = 0.76) and RT-3DE (p = 0.74). Left ventricular mass (183 ± 50 g) was overestimated by M-mode (mean difference, 68 ± 86 g; p < 0.01) and 2DE (16 ± 57; p = 0.04) but not RT-3DE (0 ± 38 g; p = 0.94). There was good inter- and intra-observer correlation between RT-3DE by two sonographers for volumes, ejection fraction, and mass.

CONCLUSIONS: Real-time 3DE is a feasible approach to reduce test-retest variation of LV volume, ejection fraction, and mass measurements in follow-up LV assessment in daily practice.

Abbreviations and Acronyms
  EF = ejection fraction
  LV = left ventricle/ventricular
  LVEDV = left ventricular end-diastolic volume
  LVESV = left ventricular end-systolic volume
  MM = M-mode
  MRI = magnetic resonance imaging
  RT = real-time
  2DE = two-dimensional echocardiography
  3DE = three-dimensional echocardiography




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