PRECLINICAL STUDIES
Myocardial fibrosis and diastolic dysfunction in deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt hypertensive rats is ameliorated by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha activator fenofibrate, partly by suppressing inflammatory responses associated with the nuclear factor-kappa-b pathway
Takehiro Ogata, MD, PhD*,
Takashi Miyauchi, MD, PhD*,*,
Satoshi Sakai, MD, PhD*,
Masakatsu Takanashi, PhD*,
Yoko Irukayama-Tomobe, PhD* and
Iwao Yamaguchi, MD, PhD*
* Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
Manuscript received August 28, 2003;
revised manuscript received November 15, 2003,
accepted November 18, 2003.
* Reprint requests and correspondence: Dr. Takashi Miyauchi, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
t-miyauc{at}md.tsukuba.ac.jp
OBJECTIVES: We sought to clarify that a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-alpha) activator inhibits myocardial fibrosis and its resultant diastolic dysfunction in hypertensive heart disease, as well as to investigate whether inflammatory mediators through the nuclear factor (NF)-kappa-B pathway are involved in the effects.
BACKGROUND: Patients with hypertensive heart disease often have diastolic heart failure without systolic dysfunction. Meanwhile, it has been well established in atherosclerosis that PPAR-alpha activation negatively regulates early inflammation. In hypertensive hearts, however, it is still unclear whether PPAR-alpha activation inhibits inflammation and fibrosis.
METHODS: Twenty-one rats were randomly separated into the following three groups: deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertensive rats treated with a PPAR-alpha activator, fenofibrate (80 mg/kg/day for 5 weeks); DOCA-salt rats treated with vehicle only; and uni-nephrectomized rats as normotensive controls.
RESULTS: Fenofibrate significantly inhibited the elevation of left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and the reduction of the magnitude of the negative maximum rate of left ventricular pressure rise and decline, corrected by left ventricular pressure (–dP/dtmax/P), which are indicators of diastolic dysfunction. Next, fenofibrate prevented myocardial fibrosis and reduced the hydroxyproline content and procollagen I and III messenger ribonucleic acid expression. Finally, inflammatory gene expression associated with NF-kappa-B (interleukin-6, cyclooxygenase-2, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1), which is upregulated in DOCA-salt rats, was significantly suppressed by fenofibrate. Activation of NF-kappa-B and expression of I-kappa-B-alpha in DOCA-salt rats were normalized by fenofibrate.
CONCLUSIONS: A PPAR-alpha activator reduced myocardial fibrosis and prevented the development of diastolic dysfunction in DOCA-salt rats. The effects of a PPAR-alpha activator may be mediated partly by prevention of inflammatory mediators through the NF-kappa-B pathway. These results suggest that treatment with PPAR-alpha activators will improve diastolic dysfunction in hypertensive heart disease.
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Abbreviations and Acronyms
| | COX-2 | = cyclooxygenase-2 | | DOCA | = deoxycorticosterone acetate | | DOCA-F | = deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt rats treated with fenofibrate | | DOCA-V | = deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt rats treated with vehicle | | ±dP/dtmax | = maximum rate of left ventricular pressure rise or decline | | HF | = heart failure | | IL-6 | = interleukin-6 | | LV | = left ventricle/ventricular | | LVEDP | = left ventricular end-diastolic pressure | | MCP-1 | = monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 | | NF | = nuclear factor | | PPAR-alpha | = peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-alpha | | UN | = uni-nephrectomized control | | VCAM-1 | = vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 |
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