STATE-OF-THE-ART PAPER
Assessing low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol as a risk factor in coronary heart disease
A working group report and update
Antonio M. Gotto, Jr, MD, DPhil*,* and
Eliot A. Brinton, MD
* Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
Manuscript received July 17, 2002;
revised manuscript received July 28, 2003,
accepted September 19, 2003.
* Reprint requests and correspondence: Dr. Antonio M. Gotto, Jr., c/o Paula Trushin, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 445 East 69th Street, Olin Hall 205, New York, New York 10021, USA.
pat2004{at}med.cornell.edu
Clinical data show that a 1% increase in serum concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) can decrease cardiovascular risk by 2% to 3%. Therefore, mechanisms affecting the level and functionality of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and its constituents are being investigated as targets for the rational development of drugs to prevent or treat cardiovascular disease. High-density lipoprotein-related research may also increase our understanding of the link between atherosclerosis and metabolic disorders. This report and update of the HDL Working Group discusses HDL metabolism and reverse cholesterol transport, impaired HDL as a marker and a cause of proatherogenic states, and experimental and current approaches to HDL-related therapy.
|
Abbreviations and Acronyms
| | ABC-A1 | = adenosine triphosphate binding cassette-A1 | | apo | = apolipoprotein | | CETP | = cholesteryl ester transfer protein | | CHD | = coronary heart disease | | FCR | = fractional catabolic rate | | HDL-C | = high-density lipoprotein cholesterol | | HL | = hepatic lipase | | LCAT | = lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase | | LDL-C | = low-density lipoprotein cholesterol | | PPAR | = peroxisome proliferator activated receptor | | RCT | = reverse cholesterol transport | | SR-B1 | = scavenger receptor B1 | | VLDL | = very low-density lipoprotein |
|
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
|
|
 
X Li, K L Monda, H H H Goring, K Haack, S A Cole, V P Diego, L Almasy, S Laston, B V Howard, N M Shara, et al.
Genome-wide linkage scan for plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein A-1 and triglyceride variation among American Indian populations: the Strong Heart Family Study
J. Med. Genet.,
July 1, 2009;
46(7):
472 - 479.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. M. Ridker, G. Pare, A. N. Parker, R. Y.L. Zee, J. P. Miletich, and D. I. Chasman
Polymorphism in the CETP Gene Region, HDL Cholesterol, and Risk of Future Myocardial Infarction: Genomewide Analysis Among 18 245 Initially Healthy Women From the Women's Genome Health Study
Circ Cardiovasc Genet,
February 1, 2009;
2(1):
26 - 33.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Love-Gregory, R. Sherva, L. Sun, J. Wasson, T. Schappe, A. Doria, D.C. Rao, S. C. Hunt, S. Klein, R. J. Neuman, et al.
Variants in the CD36 gene associate with the metabolic syndrome and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol
Hum. Mol. Genet.,
June 1, 2008;
17(11):
1695 - 1704.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. L. Greenberg, M. Glick, J. Goodchild, P. W. Duda, N. R. Conte, and M. Conte
Screening for cardiovascular risk factors in a dental setting
J Am Dent Assoc,
June 1, 2007;
138(6):
798 - 804.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. N. Tziakas, J. C. Kaski, G. K. Chalikias, C. Romero, S. Fredericks, I. K. Tentes, A. X. Kortsaris, D. I. Hatseras, and D. W. Holt
Total Cholesterol Content of Erythrocyte Membranes Is Increased in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome: A New Marker of Clinical Instability?
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.,
May 29, 2007;
49(21):
2081 - 2089.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Sumi, M. Sata, S.-i. Miura, K.-A. Rye, N. Toya, Y. Kanaoka, K. Yanaga, T. Ohki, K. Saku, and R. Nagai
Reconstituted High-Density Lipoprotein Stimulates Differentiation of Endothelial Progenitor Cells and Enhances Ischemia-Induced Angiogenesis
Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol.,
April 1, 2007;
27(4):
813 - 818.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Sanossian, J. L. Saver, M. Navab, and B. Ovbiagele
High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol: An Emerging Target for Stroke Treatment
Stroke,
March 1, 2007;
38(3):
1104 - 1109.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. J. Chapman
How does nicotinic acid modify the lipid profile?
Eur. Heart J. Suppl.,
October 1, 2006;
8(suppl_F):
F54 - F59.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Kontush and M. J. Chapman
Functionally Defective High-Density Lipoprotein: A New Therapeutic Target at the Crossroads of Dyslipidemia, Inflammation, and Atherosclerosis
Pharmacol. Rev.,
September 1, 2006;
58(3):
342 - 374.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Wittenburg, M. A. Lyons, R. Li, U. Kurtz, X. Wang, J. Mossner, G. A. Churchill, M. C. Carey, and B. Paigen
QTL mapping for genetic determinants of lipoprotein cholesterol levels in combined crosses of inbred mouse strains,
J. Lipid Res.,
August 1, 2006;
47(8):
1780 - 1790.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. J. Barter and J. J.P. Kastelein
Targeting Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein for the Prevention and Management of Cardiovascular Disease
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.,
February 7, 2006;
47(3):
492 - 499.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Ballantyne, B. Arroll, and J. Shepherd
Lipids and CVD management: towards a global consensus
Eur. Heart J.,
November 1, 2005;
26(21):
2224 - 2231.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. D. Ashen and R. S. Blumenthal
Low HDL Cholesterol Levels
N. Engl. J. Med.,
September 22, 2005;
353(12):
1252 - 1260.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Bruckert, R. Pamphile, F. McCoy, and P. Andre
Defining the prevalence of low HDL-C in a European cohort of dyslipidaemic patients
Eur. Heart J. Suppl.,
July 1, 2005;
7(suppl_F):
F23 - F26.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. G. Brown
Maximizing coronary disease risk reduction using nicotinic acid combined with LDL-lowering therapy
Eur. Heart J. Suppl.,
July 1, 2005;
7(suppl_F):
F34 - F40.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Chapman
Beyond LDL-cholesterol reduction: the way ahead in managing dyslipidaemia
Eur. Heart J. Suppl.,
July 1, 2005;
7(suppl_F):
F56 - F62.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Barnoya and S. A. Glantz
Cardiovascular Effects of Secondhand Smoke: Nearly as Large as Smoking
Circulation,
May 24, 2005;
111(20):
2684 - 2698.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. B. Lloyd, M. E. Lira, L. S. Wood, L. K. Durham, T. B. Freeman, G. M. Preston, X. Qiu, E. Sugarman, P. Bonnette, A. Lanzetti, et al.
Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein Variants Have Differential Stability but Uniform Inhibition by Torcetrapib
J. Biol. Chem.,
April 15, 2005;
280(15):
14918 - 14922.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. J. Lavie and R. V. Milani
Optimal lipids, statins, and dementia
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.,
March 15, 2005;
45(6):
963 - 964.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
X. Wang and B. Paigen
Genetics of Variation in HDL Cholesterol in Humans and Mice
Circ. Res.,
January 7, 2005;
96(1):
27 - 42.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
